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KLS Changing Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three main parts of earth | crust, mantle, core |
| all layers of earth in order | crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, inner core |
| crust | thinnest, outermost, layer where people live |
| lithosphere | layer where moving plates of the earth are located |
| astehnosphere | layer directly beneath lithosphere on which the plates move |
| mantle | largest layer; semi-solid; where most of the convection takes place |
| outer core | only liquid layer of the earth |
| inner core | solid core made of nickle and iron |
| layers of earth by density | layered by density so inner core is most dense and crust is least dense |
| density | measure of the amount of matter in an object; layers ususlly layer by density of materials with most ddense at the bottom |
| states of matter on earth | solid, liquid, gas |
| molecules in each state of matter | solid - closely packed and very slow moving; liquid - more spread out and begin to move faster; gas - very spread out and moving very fast |
| how do states of matter change | temperature change - as temperature increases molecules move faster and spread out; when temperature decreases molecules slow down and get closer together |
| energy changes in state of matter | when temperature increases and matter changes from molecules increasing speed, enegy is being taken in; when matter changes because molecules slow down, energy is being given off |
| two main processes of heat transfer in earth | conduction - heat transfer by direct contact or touching; convection - heat transfer where heated molecules are less dense and rise, are cooled, become more dense and sink |
| how do layers of earth cause changes on earth's surface | the core heats the mantle by conduction; the heated molecules at the bottom of mantle speed up and spread out becoming less dense and this causes them to rise where they are cooled at the top of the mantle causing them to slow down and become more dense a |
| Pangaea | name given to the super continent when all of the continents were together as one large continent |
| Evidence for Pangaea | fossils match up; species of plants and animals on many continents; climate data lines up; rock strata lines up; some of the continents look like they fit together |
| Continental Drift Theory | Theory that states that the continents are slowly drifting apart. Theory did not explain how the oceans were moving and why places not attached to continents were moving |
| plate boundary | area that seperates plates of the earth from each other (space between plates) |
| what causes plates to move | heat from the core rises up through the mantle because of convection and needs to escape which pushes on the plates moving them and cracking them |
| types of crust | continental - less dense and oceanic - more dense |
| four types of plate boundaries | transform, convergent, subduction, divergent |
| transform boundary | side to side motion where plates slide past each other and causes earthquakes |
| convergent boundary - continental crust to continental crust | plates move toward each otther and because they are the same density they pile up causing mountains to form |
| convergent boundary - subduction | plates move toward each other and the more dense oceanic crust is pushed down beneath the less dense continental crust; volcanoes form here |
| divergent bondary | plates move away from each other usually causing sea floor spreading or continental spreading |
| fault | a crack in the crust of the earth |
| earthquake | a sudden movement along a fault |
| focus | point beneath the earth where the rock fractures are breaks and the actual earthquake occurs |
| epicenter | point on the earth's surface directly above the focus |
| p-wave | primary wave that travels the fastest and arrives first; it has a movement that moves forward and pushes and pulls as it goes; moves through all layers of earth but is slowed by liquids |
| s-wave | secondary waves, move slower and arrive later; up and down motion, most destructive, cannot travel through liquids |
| destructive situations in earthquakes | falling objects; protect self by getting away from things that can fall on you or getting under something strong; get away from buildings and things that can fall on you |
| volcano | a crack or hole in the earth that vents heat from inside of the earth |
| cinder cone volcano | cone shaped volcano, smallest type of volcano, explosive eruption that shoots out cinders, no lava |
| shield volcano | largest type of volcano, gradually sloping sides, erupt by oozong of squirting out lava |
| composite volcano | steeply sloped, fairly tall volcano, has explosive eruptions that blow the mountain top apart and shoot out rock, cinders and lava, made of layers of lava and cinders and ash |
| plate tectonics | Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer layer is made up of plates, which have moved throughout Earth's history. |
Created by:
coachkls
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