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Ch.18&19 VOCAB
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| protist | eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungus |
| protozoa | animal-like protist |
| pseudopod | temporary extention of cytoplasm and plasma membrane that helps protozoa |
| cilia | short, hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface, helps the organism to swim and capture food |
| algae | photosynthetic plant-like protists |
| slime mold | protists w/a slime-like amoeboid stage that grows on decaying vegitation and in moist soil |
| water mold | fungus that is either a parasite or decomposer and lives in fresh water or moist soil |
| chitin | tough, protective polysaccaride that makes up arthropod skeletons and the cell walls of some fungi |
| hypha | threadlike filament forming the body and mycelium of a fungus |
| mycelium | vegitative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae that grows underground |
| fruiting body | spore-producing structure of a fungus that grows above ground |
| mycorrhizae | ecological relationship between the mycelium of a fungus and the roots of certain plants |
| sporangia | spore-foring structures found in fungi, algae, and some plants |
| lichen | fungus that grows symbiotically w/algea, resulting in a composite organism that grows on rocks or tree trunks |
| virus | infectious partical made of a strand of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat |
| pathogen | agent that causes disease |
| viroid | infectious partical made of single stranded RNA w/out a protien coat, that almost always use plants as their host |
| prion | infectious agent that consists of a protien fragment that can cause other protiens to fold incorrectly |
| epidemic | rapid outbreak of a disease that affects many people |
| vaccine | substance that stimulates an iimmune response, producing acquired immunity w/out illness or infection |
| retrovirus | virus that contains RNA and uses then enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy |
| obligate anaerobe | prokaryote that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen |
| obligate aerobe | prokaryote that connot survive w/out the presence of oxygen |
| faculative aerobe | organism that can live with or w/out oxygen |
| plasmid | circular piece of genetic material found in bacteria that can replicate seperatly from the DNA of the main chromosome |
| flagellum | whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement |
| conjugation | process by which a prokaryote transfers part of its chromosome to another prokaryote |
| endospore | prokaryotic cell w/a thick, protective wall surrounding its DNA |
| bioremediation | process by which humans use living things to break down pollutants |
| toxin | poison released by an organism |
| antibiotic | chemical that kills or slows the growth of bacteria |
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