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DNA vocab

TermDefinition
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins
Double helix a twist ladder; describes he structure of DNA
Nucleotide the building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen.
Genetic code information carried from generations to generation through DNA.
RNA the nucleic acid resposible for building proteins
mRNA the messenger RNA; carries information from DNA to the nucleus to the ribososmes in the cytoplasm
tRNA transfer RNA; carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
rRNA ribososomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acid into protein.
Adenine a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA.
Thymine a nitrogen base found only in DNA.
Guanine a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA.
Cytosine a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA.
Uracil a nitrogen base found in RNA.
Deoxyribose the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotide of DNA .
Ribose sugar that helps to make up the nucleotide of RNA.
Codon found on mRNA a 3 letter code that determines the amino acid that will make up the protein.
Anticodon found in tRNA; a 3 letter code complement to the codon that allows the amino acids to bond in the correct sequence.
Mutation a mistake or change in the DNA sequnce; may be harmful or beneficial.
Recombination the process by which genetic material is broken and joined to the other genetic chemicals
Insertion a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence.
Deletion a type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence.
Chromosomal mutation a type of mutation that involves all or part of the chromosomal being changed.
Replication the process of creating an exact copy of DNA.
Transcription occurs in the nucleus; the process of creating RNA.
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm; the process of creating a protein from DNA.
Complementary strand of DNA the strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication.
Cloning the process of producing a population of genetically identical individuals.
Human genome project scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in DNA and "map" the 20-25,000 genes in the human body.
Genetic engineering manipulation of genes to achieve desired traits in individuals.
Forensic identification use of DNA to specific objects.
Watson & Crick scientist who determined the rules for pairing of bases in DNA.
Franklin scientist who used x-ray to determine that DNA was a helix.
Chargoff scientist who determined the rules for the pairing of the bases in DNA.
Created by: 2015leydone
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