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DNA & Protein
DNA & Protein Synthesis Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins |
| Double Helix | A twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA |
| Nucleotide | The building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
| Genetic Code | Information carried from generation to generation by DNA |
| RNA | The nucleic acid responsible for building proteins |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| tRNA | Transfer RNA; carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids into proteins |
| Adenine | A nitrogen base found in the DNA and RNA; abbreviated A |
| Thymine | A nitrogen base found only in DNA; abbreviated T |
| Guanine | A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated G |
| Cytosine | A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated C |
| Uracil | A nitrogen base only found in RNA; abbreviation U |
| Deoxyribose | The sugar that helps make up the nucleotides of DNA |
| Ribose | The sugar that helps make up the nucleotides of RNA |
| Codon | Found on mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acids that will make up a protein |
| Anticodon | Found on tRNA; a 3 letter complement to the Codon that allows the amino acids to bond in the correct sequence |
| Mutation | A mistake or change in the DNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial |
| Recombination | The process by which genetic materials are broken down and joined to other genetic material |
| Insertion | A type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence |
| Deletion | A type of mutation in which a base is removed from DNA sequence |
| Chromosomal Mutations | A type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed |
| Replication | The process of creating an exact copy of DNA |
| Transcription | Occurs in the nucleus; the process of creating a protein from mRNA |
| Translation | Occurs in the cytoplasm; the process of creating a protein from mRNA |
| Complementary Strand of DNA | Strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication |
| Cloning | The process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals |
| Human Genome Project | Scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in DNA and "map" the 20-25k in the body |
| Genetic Engineering | Manipulation of genes to archive desired trails in the body |
| Forensic Identification | Use of DNA to identify specific objects |
| Watson & Crick | pair of scientists who determines the 3-D structure |
| Franklin | Scientists who used x-rays to determine that DNA |
| Chargoff | Scientists who determined the rules for the paining of bases in DNA |
Created by:
2015olivierag
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