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DNA & Protein Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins |
| Double Helix | a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA |
| Nucleotide | the building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Genetic Code | information carried out from generation from generation by DNA |
| RNA | the nucleid acid responsible for building proteins |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids into proteins |
| Adenine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated "A" |
| Thymine | a nitrogenous base found only in DNA; abbreviated "T" |
| Guanine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated "G" |
| Cytosine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated "C" |
| Uracil | a nitrogenous base found only in RNA; abbreviated "U" |
| Deoxyribose | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of DNA |
| Ribose | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of RNA |
| Codon | found on mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acids that will make up a protein |
| Anticocdon | found on tRNA; a 3 letter complement to the codon that allows the amino acids to bond in the correct sequence |
| Mutation | a mistake or change in the DNA sequence; could be harmful or beneficial |
| Recombination | the process by which genetic material is broken and jointed to other genetic material |
| Insertion | a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence |
| Deletion | a type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence |
| Chromosomal Mutations | a type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed |
| Replication | the process of creating an exact copy of DNA |
| Transcription | occurs in the nucleus; the process of creating mRNA from DNA |
| Translation | occurs in the cytoplasm; the process of creating a protein from mRNA |
| Complementary Strand of DNA | the strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication |
| Cloning | the process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals |
| Human Genome Project | scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs |
| Genetic Engineering | manipulation genes to achieve desired traits in individuals |
| Forensic Identification | use of DNA to identify specific objects |
| Watson and Crick | pair of scientists who determined the 3-D structure of DNA |
| Franklin | scientists who used x-rays to determine that DNA was a helix |
| Chargoff | scientist who determined the rules for the pairing of bases in DNA |
Created by:
2015cushingm
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