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DNA & Protein Synth.

QuestionAnswer
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins.
double helix a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA.
nucleotide building blocks of DNA and RN;has a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
genetic code information carried from generation to generation by DNA.
RNA the nucleic acid responsible for building proteins.
mRNA messenger RNA
tRNA transfer RNA
rRNA ribosomal RNA
adenine a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA
thymine a nitrogen base found in only DNA
guanine a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA
cytosine a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA
uracil a nitrogen base found only in RNA
deoxyribose ribosomal RNA
ribose a sugar that helps to make the nucleotides of RNA
codon on mRNA; 3 letter code that determines the amino acids that make up a protein.
anticodon on tRNA; 3 letter complement to codon that allows amino acids to bond in the correct sequence.
mutation mistake or change in the DNA sequence.
recombination the process by which genetic material is broken and joined to other genetic material.
insertion mutation in which a base is added to the DNA sequence.
deletion mutation in which a base is removed from the DNA sequence.
chromosomal mutations type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed.
replication process of creating an exact copy of DNA.
transcription occurs in the nucleus; process of creating mRNA from DNA.
translation occurs in the cytoplasm; process of creating a protein from mRNA.
complementary strand of DNA the strand of DNA that matches the original strand od DNA during replication.
cloning process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals.
Human Genome Project scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in DNA
genetic engeneering manipulation of genes to achieve desired traits in individuals.
forensic identification use of DNA to find specific objects.
Watson and Crick pair of scientists who came up with a 3-D structure of DNA.
Franklin scientist who used x-rays to determine that DNA is a helix
chargoff scientist who determined the rules for the pairing of bases in DNA.
Created by: 2015bernarde
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