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classification,virus
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| taxonomy | science of classifying and naming organisms |
| aristotle | he created the first classifications |
| linnaeus | came up with classification system used today |
| binomial nomenclature | naming system in which, genus species |
| phylogeny | evolution history for a group of species |
| cladogram | evolution tree showing relationship though a common ancestor |
| domain | three domains bacteria, Achaea, and Eukaray |
| kingdom | 6 kingdoms bacteria, archra, plante, animal,fungi, and protee. |
| phylum | contains related classes |
| class | contains related orders |
| order | related family |
| family | related genus |
| genus | related species with common ansestor |
| species | exact organism |
| Plantae | includes all plants multicellular and have cell walls. |
| anamilia | all animals(multicellular, no cell wall)cell walls. |
| protista | unicellular or multicellular |
| fungi | decaying material |
| monera | is bacteria |
| Archaebacteria | ancient bacteria ,no peptidoglyon in cell wall, anaerobic |
| eubacteria | bacteria that has cell walls of peptidoglyon |
| [domain] bacteria | single celled prokaryotes, found everywhere |
| eukarya | all organisms with eukaryotic |
| field guide | used to identify organisms |
| dichotomous key | biological key to identify organisms. |
| prokaryotes | lack of nucleus and organelles, bacteria |
| How are bacteria classified? | shape, arrangement, stain |
| coccus | sphere(round) |
| bacillus | rod |
| spirillum | spiral |
| diplo | pairs(2) |
| strepto | chain |
| staphylo | cluster |
| gram negative | pink, thin layer of peptidoglycan |
| gram positive | purple, thick layer of peptidoglycan |
| Archaebacteria | found in extreme environments, (Great salt lake, deep sea vents, hot springs) |
| methanogen | digestive tract |
| halophiles | salt loving |
| Eubacteria | found everywhere |
| obligate aerobes | must have oxygen |
| obligate anaerobe | no oxygen |
| facultative | oxygen or no oxygen |
| binary fission | makes 2 cells, asexual |
| conjugation | transfer genetic material, sexual |
| endotoxin | found on cell wall |
| exotoxin | secreted by cell |
| antibiotics | medicine that kills bacteria |
| virus | particle,pathogen,"poison" |
| Wendell Stanley | Tobacco Mosaic Virus |
| Structure of Virus | capsid and nucleic acid core(DNA or RNA) |
| capsid | protein coat of virus |
| shapes of viruses | helical, polyhedral, enveloped, sperical |
| host cell | virus must attach |
| bacteriophage | virus infects bacteria |
| how are viruses classified | nucleic acid and shape |
| Lytic Cycle | virus takes over, copies and destroys |
| virulence | short incubation period |
| lysogenic cycle | enters, hides(integrates into cell DNA), host makes copies |
| provirus | virus DNA that joins cells DNA |
| temperate virus | long incubation period |
| reverse transcriptase | virus RNA makes a DNA copy |
| retrovirus | RNA virus |
| Vaccine | injection of a weakened virus |
| Jonas Salk | polio vaccine |
| Where are archaebacteria found? | salt lake, stomach(methanogens), deep sea ocean vents,hot sulfur springs, marsh, swamp |
| peptidoglycan | cell walls of eubacteria |
| endospore | tough protein coat to survive harsh conditions |
| How are bacteria classified? | shapes(coccus, bacillus, spirillum) stain(gram + purple, gram - pink) arrangement |
| chemosynthetic autotrophs | energy from chemical |
| photosynthetic autotroph | energy from sunlight |
| binary fission | split into 2 - asexual |
| conjugation | transfer DNA - sexual |
| spores | buds and produces a new cell |
| Advantages of bacteria | food(cheese), helps with digestion(intestine), decomposers, nitrogen fixation, producers |
| Disadavantage of bacteria | ruin food, make sick, infections, ruin crops |
| taxonomy | science of grouping and naming organisms |
| Aristotle | animals and plant |
| Linneaus | classified by physical similarities |
| binomial nomenclature | 2 names : genus species |
| What relationships is classification based on? | structural, geographical, chromosomal, biochemistry, breeding |
| phylogeny | evolutionary history of an organism |
| cladogram | show evolutionary relationship between organisms |
| Order of Classification | Domain, Kingdom,Phylum, Class, Order. Family, Genus, Species |
| 3 Domains | Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya |
| Kingdoms | Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Animalia, Fungus, Plantae, Protista |
| Dichotomous Key | steps and pairs of traits to classsify an organism |
| How are protists classified? | by their method of nutrition |
| Protozoan | animal like because they can move, heterotroph |
| Algae | plant like, autotroph, release oxygen in air |
| Zooflagellate | moves with flagella |
| Ciliaphora | moves with cilia |
| Sarcodine | moves by psuedopods |
| Sporozoa | no movement, reproduce by spores(malaria) |
| How are plant like protists classifed? | type of pigment(colors) example: red algae, green algae |
| Phytoplankton | floats near surface of ocean |
| algal bloom | too much algae growing, causes red tide |
| Uses of algae | food source for sea animals, produce oxygen, |
| Fungus like | live off of decaying stuff, no chitin, decomposers |
| 3 types of protists | animal like, plant like , fungus like |
Created by:
thelockeshouse
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