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Ch. 20-24 Terms
Lymphatic System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | infectious disease that causes severe deficits in immune function; caused by the virus HIV which infects the T lymphocytes (CD4+) |
| Antigen | substance that produces an antibody or cell mediated immune response |
| Autoimmune Disorders | type of disorder in which the body produces antibodies against itself |
| Burkitt's Lymphoma | seen in children and young adults in Africa- may be triggered by a virus- causing bone destroying lesions (mainly of the face and jaw)- treated with chemotherapy- good survival rate with treatment |
| Cytokines | chemicals activated bu T-lymphocytes as a result of antigen exposure, chemical signals that enhance the immune response |
| Diapedesis | ability of leukocytes to migrate out of the circulatory system into the body tissues |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma | lymphoma of the lymph nodes- in the US 26-35 cases per million- has characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells- survival rate is 70-80% |
| Infectious mononucleosis | an acute infection of the B lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus, found mostly in adolescents and young adults and typically casing a few weeks of malaise, headache, anorexia, and dysohagia |
| Interferons | chemicals produced by the T-cells in response to viral infections, prevent viral replication in uninfected cells |
| Lymphadenitis | inflammation of a lymph node, marked by swelling and tenderness; usually indicative of an infection if a region of the body whose lymphatic drainage leads to that node |
| Lymphadenopathy | a collective term for all diseases of the lymph nodes |
| Lymphangitis | inflammation of lymphatic vessel |
| Lymphoma | any neoplasm f the lymphoid tissue, especially malignant neoplasm |
| Pyrogens | fever- reducing substances |
| Septicemia | the presence of bacteria i the blood stream; formally called blood poisoning |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | an autoimmune disease that involves widespread immune attack of the body's tissues, producing renal complications, connective tissue disease, a characteristic facial rash, and other pathologies |
| Tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| Anthracosis | "black lung"- produced by the inhalation of coal dust |
| Asthma | chronic inflammation of the lung airways wih hyper-reactive-air-conducting passageways that respond to irritants by constricting (bronchospasm) |
| Asbestosis | produced by the inhalation of asbestos fibers |
| Atelectasis | collapse of the lung |
| Bronchitis | inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining- leads to over production of mucous secretions causing frequent coughing (productive- sputum produced) |
| Bronchoscopy | fiber-optic tubing is inserted through the mouth into the trachea, larynx, and bronchus for inspection |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | combination of bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema; patient has increased resistance to airflow during forced expiration |
| Compliance | ability of the lungs and airways to expand and contract |
| Cyanosis | blue color of the skin and mucous membranes- usually indicated hypoxia |
| Cystic fibrosis | most common lethal inherited disease of Caucasians of European descent; defect in a gene on chromosome 7; abnormal protein that normally transports chloride ions- secretions are thick not watery like normal |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Emphysema | chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and inability to tolerate physical exertion; due to destruction of respiratory exchange surfaces; cigarette smoke |
| Hypoxia | low tissue oxygen content |
| Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) | byt eh 8th month of deveopment the embryo has enough surfactant of normal lung function- can treat with positive air to flow to keep passage open until baby is old enough- also giving surfactant via the trachea |
| Pulmonary Embolism | sudden lodgment of a blood clot in a pulmonary artery with subsequent obstruction of blood supply to the lung |
| Rales | hissing, whistling, scraping, or rattling sounds associated with increased airway resistance |
| Silicosis | produced byt he inhalation of silia dust |
| Sputum | matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth |
| Tuberculosis | 30% of the world's human population are infected- bacterial disease of the lungs- highly contagious |
| Anorexia | loss of appetite; aversion to food |
| Barium enema | a barium sulfate enema is administered to provide contrast in intestinal lumen, and X-ray film series is taken |
| Cirrhosis | irreversible inflammatory disease of the liver; high rate of mortality; causes obstruction of hepatic circulation; leads to liver failure; alcoholism and hepatitis C is common cause; |
| Colorectal cancer | cancer of the lower intestinal tract- causes 10-15% of cancer deaths annually in US |
| Colostomy | surgical creation of a new opening from the abdominal wall into the colon, necessitated byt eh removal of diseased portions of the colon |
| Crohn Disease | similar to ulcerative colitis except it affects both small and large intestine- irritable bowel syndrome; cause is autoimmune; treat with immunosuppressive drugs |
| Diarrhea | frequent watery bowel movements |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation fo diverticula- saclike herniations of the mucosa of the colon; frequent in older individuals with lifelong low fiber diet |
| Dysentery | intestinal infection, caused by microorganisms(visus, bacteria, protozoa), that is accompanied by diarrhea and cramps |
| Dyspepsia | epigastric pain, burning, nausea, or gas resulting from a disorder of the stomach; indigestion |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Enteritis | inflammation of the intestine |
| Fistula | any abnormal passage between two epithelium-lined spaces or surfaces; such as pathological opening between the rectum and bladder or between of the esophagus and bronchus |
| Gastrectomy | partial or complete removal of stomach |
| Glossitis | inflammation of the tongue |
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