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Ch. 20: Lymph System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What three parts does the Lymphatic system consist of? | 1. Lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) 2. Lymph 3. Lymph nodes |
| True or False: The Lymphatic system is a two-way system. | False, it is a one-way system. Lymph flows toward the heart and dumps into the circulatory system. |
| What do the lymph vessels/lymphatics include? | 1. lymphatic capillaries 2. lymphatic collecting vessels 3. lymphatic trunks and ducts |
| What are the functions of the lymphatic system? | 1. Drain excess interstitial fluid 2. Transport dietary lipid 3. Carry our immune responses |
| True or False: Once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, it is called lymph | True |
| Lymphatic capillaries | 1. very permeable 2. loosely joined endothelial minivalves |
| What are minivalves? | One-way gates that allow 1. interstitial fluids to enter lymph capillaries 2. do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries |
| What can the lymph capillaries absorb during inflammation? | 1. debris 2. pathogens 3. cancer cells |
| True or False: Cells in the lymph nodes "clean and examine" | True |
| What are lacteals and what do they do? | Specialized lymph capillaries that are present in intestinal mucosa (inside villae). They absorb fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood. |
| Lymphatic collecting vessels | 1. have the same three tunics as veins 2. have thinner walls with more internal valves 3. anastomose (merge) more frequently |
| How are lymphatic trunks formed? | By the union of the largest collecting ducts |
| True or False: Lymph is delivered into two large ducts. | False. It is delivered into ONE OF TWO ducts. |
| Which duct drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax? Thoracic duct or Right lymphatic duct? | Right lymphatic duct |
| Which duct arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body? Thoracic duct or Right lymphatic duct? | Thoracic Duct |
| True or False: Each duct empties lymph into venous circulation at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian vein on its own side of the body. | True |
| What is the cisterna chyli? | A sac that drains the lower extremity into the thoracic duct |
| True or False: The lymphatic system has organs. | False |
| What do the T cells and B cells do? | protect the body against antigens. |
| What is an antigen? | anything the body sees as foreign 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. mismatched RBCs 3. cancer cells |
| What do T cells do? What do B cells do? | T cells- 1. manage the immune system 2. attack and destroy foreign cells B cells- 1. Produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies 2. antibodies immobilize antigens |
| Do B cells make antibodies? | No, plasma does. |
| What are the other lymphoid cells and their functions? (Mom Don't Run) | Macrophages- phagocytize foreign substances and helps activate T cells Dendritic cells- capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes Reticular cells- gives lymphoid organs support and structure through stroma |
| What are the two functions of lymph nodes? (cleanse and examine) | 1. filtration- (cleanse) macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris 2. immune system activation- (examine) monitor for antigens and mount an attack against them |
| What is the only thing that filters lymph? | Lymph nodes |
| True or False: Lymph enters via AFFERENT lymphatic vessels then exits via EFFERENT vessels. | True |
| Does lymph enter via afferent vessels? | Yes |
| How does lymph exit? | Via Efferent vessels (E for exit) |
| What are the five lymphoid organs? Which is the largest? Which is the simplest? | 1. tonsils 2. thymus 3. spleen 4. peyer's patches 5. appendix SPLEEN IS THE LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN TONSILS ARE THE SIMPLEST LYMPHOID ORGAN |
| What are the six functions of the spleen? | 1. site of lymphocyte proliferation 2. immune surveillance and response 3. cleanses the blood (important) 4. Stores RBCs for later reuse 5. Stores blood platelets 6. site of fetal erythrocyte production) |
| What do spleen macrophages salvage and store for reuse in the bone marrow? | Iron |
| What does the white pulp contain in the spleen? | Mostly lymphocytes |
| What does the red pulp contain in the spleen? | remaining splenic tissure of worn-out RBCs |
| True or False: T & B cells are both matured in the thymus. | False. They are both made in the bone marrow, however, T cells mature (become immunocompetent) in the thymus and b cells mature in the bone marrow. |
| What are the functions of the thymus? | 1. It functions strictly in T cell maturation 2. IT DOES NOT DIRECTLY FIGHT ANITGENS |
| What are the four tonsil locations? | 1. Palatine tonsils- most commonly removed 2. Lingual tonsils 3. Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)- can grow so big it affects breathing 4. tubal tonsils |
| What is Peyer's patches? | clusters of lymphoid follicles |
| What do peyer's patches and the appendix do? | 1. destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching intestinal wall 2. generate "memory" lymphocytes |
| What is MALT? | Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
| What does MALT do? | MALT protects the digestive and respiratory systems from foreign matter |
Created by:
rivaisrael
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