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Evolution-depalo
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adaptation | an inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of survival in its environment. the organism will live to have offspring to pass on its genes. |
| anatomy evidence | the study of the organisms structure or skeleton |
| Chemical evidence | Compare the DNA or protein secquences of organisms- the more similar the DNA or protein, the more closely you have a common ancestor. |
| common ancestor | an ancestor where two or more descendants are related to each other |
| embryology evidence | the study of embryos to determine evolution- the more similar the embryo, the more closely they have a common ancestor |
| evolution | the process by which a species gradually changes over time, through random mutations |
| fossil evidence | the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, mostly commonly preserved in a layer of sedimentary rock. cast fossils- filled in with minerals.mold fossils- empty space. Petrified bones turned to stone. |
| fossil record | the history of life on the earth, based on fossils that have been discovered |
| homologous structures | structures that are similar between more than one species and lead to thinking there is a common ancestor |
| law of superposition | if the rock layers have not been moved by earthquake or man made disruption- the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the youngest rocks are on the top |
| layer of carbon | since all living organisms are made of carbon , this is proof that the first organisms living on earth were one celled organisms that did not have hard parts - bacteria |
| mutation | a random error that occurs in the gene, DNA, that will change the trait |
| natural selection | process where the organisms that are best suited for their environment will survive to pass on their traits. Survival of the most fit. |
| radioactive dating-carbon dating- relative dating | a technique that helps determine the age of fossils using carbon or radiation that the fossil has in it. Measured by half-life. |
| sedimentary rock | rock that is made of hardened sediment |
| species | a group or organisms that can mate with each other and successfully produce offspring |
| trilobite | an extinct arthropod that is the oldest fossil that man has found |
| variation | any differences between organisms of the same species |
| cladagram or branching tree | a diagram we use to show how different species are related to each other |
| migration | organisms that travel from one area to another |
| genetic drift | by random chance- when organisms produce different amount of offspring, or offspring die- and so the genes available in the population change |
| fossil | the trace or remains of an ancient organism |
| gradualism | theory that evolution occurs slow and steady |
| punctuated equilibria | theory that species evolve in short periods of rapid change |
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