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Chapter 8 quiz

QuestionAnswer
What did Frederick Griffith investigate? 2 forms of pneumonia bacteria
Was the S form of the bacteria deadly? yes
Was the R form of the bacteria deadly? no
Avery's Qualitative tests showed that... DNA was present
Avery's Chemical Analysis showed that... proportions of extracts closely matched ones in DNA
Avery's enzyme tests showed that... transformation failed to occur when enzyme was added to the DNA
What did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase study? the viruses that infects bacteria
A virus that infects bacteria bacteriophage
Was radioactivity found in Hershey and Chase's first experiment? no
Was radioactivity found in Hershey and Chase's second experiment? yes
Hershey and Chase concluded that genetic material is ---. DNA
The monomers that make up DNA nucleotides
What does a nucleotide contain? 1 phospate group, deoxyribose, and a nitrogen-containing case
What are the four bases in DNA? cytosine, thymine, guanine, adenine
The nucleotides - and - are single-ringed. C and T
The nucleotides - and - are double-ringed. A and G
A double helix is made up of a --- backbone on the outside with --- on the inside. phosphate; bases
Did Rosalind Franklin or Maurice Wilkins win a Nobel prize? Maurice Wilkins
Who published the double helix idea? Watson and Crick
Model that compares the structure of a DNA moelcule, in which to stands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder double helix
What type of bonds join DNA nucleotides? covalent
Rule that degines how nucleotides form bonds in DNA base pairing rules
The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle replication
The original strand of DNA in replication serves as the ---. template
How is it possible for the DNA to be a template in replication? the order of the bases is preserved
DNA is copied during ---. synthesis
--- and --- do the actual work of replication. enzymes and proteins
Enzyme the makes bonds bewteen nucleotides, forming and identical strand of DNA during replication DNA polymerase
What is the result of replication? two complete molecules of DNA
What are the places where replication happens called? origins of replication
Theory that states that in cells, informations only flows form DNA to RNA to proteins central dogma
What does the cental dogma involve? replication, transcription, and translation
How is RNA different from DNA? The sugar in RNA is ribose, it has the base uracil instead of thymine, and it makes a single instead of double strand
The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA transcription
Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template RNA polymerase
An intermediate messade that is translated to from a protein messenger RNA (mRNA)
Forms part of ribosomes ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make growing protiens transfer RNA (tRNA)
The process that converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide translation
A three- nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid codon
Genetic codes are read in units of --- nucleotides. (reading frame) 3
Codon that signals ribosomes to stop translation stop codons
Codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation start codons
The genetic code matches each codon to its --- ---. amino acid
Short lived molecule that carries instructions from DNA to the cytoplasm mRNA
What does the small subunit in ribosomes do? holds onto the mRNA
What does the large subunit in ribosomes do? holds onto growing protein
Acts as an adaptor between mRNA and amino acids tRNA
A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to mRNA codon anticodon
Regulation of gene expression allows --- cells bettwe respond to stimuli and conserve energy and materials prokaryotic
When are prokaryotic cells regulated? the start of transcription
Section of DNA to which RNA binds, starting the transcription of mRNA prometer
A DNA segment that turns gene on or off operator
A --- determines whether RNA polymerase can attach to the prometer operator
Where are operators found? between promotor and enzyme genes
--- can change functions in response to their environment bacteria
Section of DNA that conatains all of the code to begin and regulate transcription and build a protein operon
What kind of cells are operons found in? prokaryotes
Protein that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase from transcribing repressor protein
All cells in the body contain --- DNA same
What is the start of transcription in eukaryotics controlled by? regulatory DNA aequences and transcription factors
Each gene is a --- combonation of DNA sequences unique
--- and --- speed up or slow down the rate of transcription enhancets and silencers
Sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis exons
Segments of gene that doestn code for an amino acid introns
Are introns ever removed? yes
Is the role of introns clear? no
A change in an organism's DNA mutation
A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another gene mutation
Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence frameshift mutation
--- mutations affect many genes chromsome
Chromosome mutations occur during... meiosis- crossing over
Peice of 1 chromosome moves to a nonhomologous chromosome gene translocation
The homologous chromosomes arent the same size gene duplication
Mutations can change a protein's --- or --- ---. size or active site
Gene mutations can cause a premature ---. stop codon
When a mutation doesnt affect a resulting protein silent
What are some causes of a silent protein? in a noncoding region, doesnt affect protein folding
Do mutations in body cells affect offspring? no
Do mutatios in sex cells affect offspring? yes
When a mutation is benficial, it is favored by --- ---. natural selection
Agents in the environment that can change DNA mutagens
--- are used in cancer drugs Mutagens
Created by: kfran0112
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