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Ch. 17 vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ames test | identify which chemicals cause mutation |
| Carcinogens | chemicals capable of causing mutations that lead to cancer |
| Constitutive system | when a system is mutationally always turned on and can't be turned off |
| Frame-shift deletions | cause the letters of the codon to be completely out of register so that the words are lost from that point onward |
| Genotype | genetic sequences of the cell |
| Genotypic changes | functional losses--measured by changes in the DNA sequence |
| Heritable | mutations passed on to future generations--may be detrimental by disrupting functions of proteins for which they code--may prove beneficial to the cell |
| Induced mutations | mutations caused by man-made mutagens |
| In-frame deletions | deletions that remove 3 nucleotides (or multiples of 3)--result in the loss of one or more amino acids--sequence that occurs after deletion still in correct register or frame |
| Insertions | result in same type of changes as deletions |
| Lactose auxotroph | cells that carry mutations that change phenotypes--cell that no longer utilize lactose |
| Mutagens | chemicals and other factors not normally found in nature that alter DNA sequence |
| Mutations | change in DNA sequence |
| Nonsense mutations | convert a coding triplet into a stop codon, so the protein terminates prematurely |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics--implies that the cells are unable to metabolize lactose--defective gene, however is unknown |
| Rearrangements | part of the DNA sequence is moved to a new location |
| Regulatory mutations | Since this kind of mutational control occurs outside of structural genes that are affected |
| Spontaneous mutations | mutations that occur by mistakes in DNA synthesis or by exposure to ultraviolet rays from rays from things such as sunlight or tanning lights |
| Structural genes | gene sequences that code for actual proteins |
| Substitution mutations | likely to change whichever amino acids is located at the corresponding protein position |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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