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Diuretics*
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Averse reactions associated with any category of diuretics: | CARDIOVASCULAR: Orthostatic Hypotension, Electrolyte Imbalances DERMATOLOGIC: Rash and Photosensitivity |
| Diuretic Contraindications | Mannitol: (an osmotic diuretic) ^ ICP Potassium Sparing Diuretics: hyperkalemia |
| Diuretic Interactiona | Antihypertensive drug use with diuretics -> hypotension If hypokalemia is present, diuretics -> digoxin toxicity |
| Loop Diuretics | Furosemide (Lasix) |
| Bumetanide (Bumex) Diuretic | may cause electrolyte imbalances, photosensitivity, hypotension |
| Furosemide (Lasix) Diuretic | Ototoxicity |
| Osmotic Diuretics | Create diuresis by increasing blood osmolality which attracts fluid from other compartments (third spacing, cerebral fluid, intraocular) Used to decreased intracranial pressure (ICP) and (IOP) |
| Mannitol (Osmitrol) | Cerevrak edema, Decreased ICP, Monitor Strict Input and Output |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics | (sodium and water retention) which results in potassium retention |
| Triamterene (Dyrenium) | both drugs decrese excretion of potassium |
| Sprinolactone (Aldactone) | antagonizes the action of aldosterone Hypokalemia, prophylaxis of hypokalemia * may cause hyperkalemia, gynecomastia: man boobs |
| Amiloride | prevention of hypokalemia |
| Triamterene (Dyrenium) | prevention of hypokalemia, may cause hyperkalemia |
| Thiazides and Related Diuretics | Promotes diuresis when renal function is not imapaired Often medications of first choice for essential hypertension |
| Thiazides | Chlorothiazide (Diuril) Hydrochlorithiazide (HCTZ) |
| Diruetecs: The client with increased intracranial pressure: | Inspect Mannitol: solution for crystals Monitor: Urine output/hourly, B/P, P, R every 30-60min. , *Neurological assessments |
| Diuretics: Client risk for Hypokalemia | Monitor clients on potassium-sparing diuretics for hyperkalemia |
| Diretics: Warning signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalance: | Dry Mouth, thirst Weakness, lethargy, confusion Restlessness, muscle pains or cramps GI disturbances, oliguria Hypotension, tachycardia Seizures |
| Electrolyte Imbalance: Hyponatremia | Confusion |
| Electrolyte Imbalance: Hypokalemia | Muscle Cramps |
| Electrolyte Imbalance: Hyperkalemia | Parathesias, muscle weaknes, flaccid paralysis |
| Diuretics: Client Education: | Take drug with food or milk if GI upset occurs Take the drug early in the morning |
Created by:
yyolanda
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