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Ch. 15 questions
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did Griffith demonstrate a gene transfer? | capsular production could be restored to a capsular mutant from dead, wild-type bacteria |
| How did Avery show that genes are made of DNA? | bacterial substance that caused transformation DNase sensitive--provided strong evidence that transferal of DNA rather than protein/RNA was necessary for capsule production |
| What did Hershey and Chase's experiment confirm? | that DNA, rather than protein, is the genetic material |
| Gene | DNA coding material for a single protein |
| Chromosome | large circular molecule of several million base pairs of DNA that contains cellular genes |
| Genome | collection of all the genes in a cell |
| Complementary DNA | DNA that will base pair with another DNA molecule--A in place of T, C in place of G of the other molecule |
| How many genes might there be in an average bacterium? In a human cell? | bacterium--5,000==human cell--50,000 |
| What cells have diploid or haploid genomes? | prokaryotic--haploid genomes--eukaryotic cells--diploid genomes |
| What must happen to the genetic material when division of a cell occurs? | when division of a cell occurs, genome must be duplicated |
| Where does DNA synthesis begin? | at the origin of replication |
| What is produced by DNA replication? | 2 double-stranded DNA molecules identical to the starting DNA |
| How does DNA proofread? | through DNA polymerase--checks to see if newly added nucleotides are complementary to template--if not--DNA polymerase removes and replaces them with new nucleotide |
| Are human viruses harmful or beneficial? | can be bothe--whn virus causes damage to host it is harmful--when virus used by gene therapy to repair human genetic defect it is beneficial |
| What is a viral vector? | virus used in gene therapy to deliver a gene with proper activity to host cells that need the gene |
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heatherlvn
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