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Ch. 15 Vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Base pair | A and T and C and G align with each other on opposite strands of the double-stranded DNA |
| Bidirectional gene therapy | (blank) |
| Chromosome | very large circular molecule of several million base pairs of DNA |
| Complementary | DNA has nucleotides on one strand that match up with specific nucleotides on the other strand--provided that A & T always base pair and C&G always base pair |
| Diploid | eukaryotes--have 2 copies of each chromosome |
| DNase | enzyme that degrades DNA |
| Genetic engineering | overall processes of changing the normal genetic character of an individual or providing new gene products |
| Genetics | study of the heredity (how genes are passed from one generation to the next), variation, and expression of genes |
| Genome | collection of all genes in a cell |
| Haploid | prokaryotes--contain one copy of each chromosome |
| Heredity | how genes are passed from one generation to the next |
| Mutant | strain a gene required to produce the capsule was defective |
| Origin of replication | direct site of each chromosome that signals the enzymes the proper location to begin replication |
| Proofread | polymerase checks newly added nucleotides--is A opposite a T in the template--G opposite C--if base pair not proper--polymerase removes it and tries again to add the correct one |
| Protease | (proteinase) enzyme that degrades protein, and RNase degrades RNA |
| Proteinase | (protease) enzyme that degrades protein, and RNase degrades RNA |
| Recombinant DNA technology | series of tools, enzymes, and bacterial hosts--allow researchers to isolate and identify the mutant adenine deaminase (ADA) gene |
| Replication | enzymatic process of making another copy, or dublicate |
| RNase | degrades RNA |
| Transfection | when virus carries foreign DNA--term transfect is used in place of infect |
| Transforming principle | Griffith showed genes can functionally affect character of cells--genes can be transferred from one cell to another |
| viral vectors | delivery system called a vector--most widely used vectors for gene therapy are viruses |
| Wild-type bacterium | bacterium lacking mutations--had a capsule |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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