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Ch. 13 questions
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If one bacterium goes through four generations, how many bacteria will result? | 4 generations of a bacterium will produce 16 bacteria |
| How long will it require 10 bacteria to grow into more than one hundred bacteria if the doubling time is 30 minutes? | 2 hours |
| what does exponential growth mean? | in every generation(growth cycle) twice as many cells are formed--in contrast to adding one individual each generation |
| Explain what bacteria are doing in each of the 4 phases | lag phase--cells adapt to nutrients--prepare for cell division--log phase--cells double at regular intervals--stationary phase--cell #'s maintained-do not grow due to nutrient depletion--decline phase--cells begin to die--lack of energy and nutrients |
| Define autolysis. Why may a bacterium autolyse? | autolyse is breakdown of organism because of its own purpose and mechanism--bacteria autolyse in order to spread/enhance growth of survivors |
| How can the number of viable cells in a culture be determined? | viable cells are determined by performing dilutions at each time point--spread aliquotes on petri dishes--count number of colonies that grow |
| What is the meaning of CFU? | Colony forming unit--each viable cell that can grow into a colony on a petri plate is a CFU |
| What information does a turbidimetric assay yeild? | how many bacterial cells, living/dead--present by use of spectrophotometer--# differs from CFU #s--CFU #s only reflect viable cells |
| Anabolism | use of energy and building blocks to make new cellular materials |
| Catabolism | breakdown of complex materials that cells use for making more cells |
| Metabolism | all the chemical processes occurring in a cell |
| Enzymes | protein catalysts that cells use to convert some molecules into others |
| some enzymatic reactions are controlled by negative feedback. What happens when the product of a given reaction becomes high in concentration? | when the cell in in an environment with ample amina acids--cell gets signal to save energy and not make its own amino acid |
| What is activation energy? | the amount of heat necessary to cause a chemical reaction--enzymes can dramatically reduce activation energy |
| List the 3 major pathways of catabolism in organisms | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport |
| Name the starting compound of glycolysis. | glucose |
| How many ATPs are produced by the following processes: A) glycolysis B) TCE cycle/electron transport | glycolysis produces 2 ATPs--TCA cycle/electron transport produces 30 ATPs |
| Name the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration | oxygen |
| Name 2 possible final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration | nitrate and sulfate |
| List six commercially valuable products produced by fermentation | cheese, yogurt, vinegar, acetone, butyl alcohol, and beer and wine |
| Name 2 types of macromolecules for which building blocks, or precursor molecules, are required | DNA, RNA, and amino acids |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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