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Ch, 13 vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aliquotes | small samples of the culture |
| Anabolism | use of energy and building blocks to produce new cellular materials, such as macromolecules |
| Anaerobic respiration | bacteria in the abswence of oxygen--utilize nitrate/sulfate as the final electron acceptor |
| Autolytic | bacteria that produce enzymes that cause their own lysis or break down |
| Binary fission | (cell division) bacterial cells grow by dividing and forming 2 progeny cells that are equal to the original cell |
| Catabolism | breakdown of complex materials into building blocks/energy--cells use for synthesis--making more cellular chemicals |
| Cell division | (binary fission) bacterial cells grow by dividing and forming two progeny cells that are equal to the original cell |
| Chemosynthetic metabolism | bacteria can use salts found in rock as an energy source--require little to grow--generally autotrophs--make organic chemicals from carbon dioxide, chemicals dissolved in water, energy from rocks |
| Colony forming unit | CFU--arises from single diluted cell--represents viable bacterial cells--those cells that could grow and form a colony |
| Death phase | cells are not receiving sufficient energy or nutrients to maintain viability |
| Decline phase | (death phase) cells not receiving sufficient energy or nutrients to maintain viability |
| Denature | enzymes unfold when they are boiled and are no longer active |
| Dilution | used to determine bacterial cell numbers--dilutions performed at each time point--aliquots spread on petri dishes--incubate--count how many colonies grow--resulting colony count multiplied by dilution factor to know how many bacteria in original sample |
| Electron transport chain | consists of a series of carriers in the membrane--carriers use electron-derived energy to pump protons out of cell--creates proton gradient with higher concentration on outside--protons flow back into cell through proteinaceous carrier ATP |
| Exponential growth | when bacteria double every constant period of time |
| Feedback inhibition | (feedback regulation) mechanisms of gene expression control--bacteria can preclude the need to make thousands of temp. unneeded proteins that would otherwise reduce growth efficiency dramatically |
| Fermentation | process of incomplete catabolism of sugars to produce alcohol in wines |
| Generation | division or doubling of bacteria |
| Glycolysis | in cells utilizing glucose, the glucose is transported to the inside and oxidized |
| Krebs cycle | (TCA cycle--tricarboxylic acid cycle) oxygen is used to degrade carbon completely to carbon dioxide, water, ATP, energy-containing electrons--passed on to te electron transport chain |
| Lag phase | cells adapting to rich supply of nutrients in preparation for growth |
| Log phase | cells start to multiply by doubling every perhaps 30 minutes |
| Metabolism | all chemical processes that occur in a cell |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | transfer of electrons to oxygen coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| Product | sucrose in reaction |
| Pyruvate | six-carbon sugar is converted into two three-carbon acids, called pyruvic acid |
| Reactants | (substrates) glucose and fructose in reaction |
| Reaction | one enzyme can use the sugars glucose and fructose and combine them to disaccharide sucrose--common table sugar |
| Respiration | passage of electrons to oxygen to produce water |
| Stationary phase | cells maintain cell number but not able to produce new cells--dying and producing new cells at about the same rate |
| Substrates | (reactants) glucose and fructose in reaction |
| Total cell count | resulting number of dilutions |
| Turbidity | (blank) |
| Viable counts | (blank) |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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