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chap 14 and 13
biolody
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is an organism | individual living things |
| what is population | group in an enviroment |
| what is community | group of different species that live in one area |
| what is ecosystem | all organism, climate, soil, water, rocks, and weather(biotic and abiotic things) |
| what is biome | major region of global community of organisms |
| what are the three methods of ecological research | observation, modeling, experimentation |
| what is ecology | the study of interactions amoung living things and their enviroments |
| what is biodiversity | variety of living things in an ecosystem |
| what is a keystone species | a species that has an unusually large effect on population |
| what are producers | organisms who get their energy from sun |
| what are autotrophs | producers |
| what are consumers | are organisms that get their energy from other plants and animals |
| what are hetetotrophs | consumers |
| what is chemosyntheisis | the process by which an organism forms carbs using chemicals rather than light energy |
| what is the difference between chemosynthesis and photosynthesis | chemosythesis uses chemicals to make engery(good for organisms in dark abyssis) and photosynthesis uses light |
| what is a food chain | a sequence that links species by their feeding relationships |
| what is a food web | a model that shows the complex network of feeding relationships and energy flow |
| what are detritivores | organisms that eat break down organic matter |
| what are decomposers | detritivores that break down organis matter into simpilier compounds |
| what are generalist | consumers that have varying diet |
| what are specialist | a consumer that eat one specific organism or on small number of organisms |
| what are the trophic levels | levels of nourishment |
| what is the order of the trophic levels | producers,primary consumers, secondary consumers, tetiary consumers |
| what is hydrolic cycle | (water cycle) cicular pathway of water on earth from the atmosphere to the surface, below, then back |
| what is the biogeochemical cycle | the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and nonling parts of ecosystem |
| what is the carbon cycle | it provides carbs protiens fats and other organis molecules(could come ind dead matter) |
| what is the nitrogen cycle | a process that mostly takes place underground, where bacteria make ammonium into nitrate |
| what is phosphourous cycle | when phosphate was released by weathering of rocks then phosphate moves to cosumers and producers when these die the decomposers break down releasing the phosphate into soil or water for use by producers |
| what is the difference between biomass pyramid and pyramid of numbers | biomass measures weight of producers to consumers and pyramid of numbers is how much there is of producers- consumers |
| how much energy is lost from trophic level to trophic level | 90% |
| what are ecological equivalents | species that occupy similiar niches but live in different geological regions |
| what is the intraspeciafic competition | when two different species in the same area compete for the same resources |
| what are the 3 major symbiotic relationships | mutualism, partisam, commentsalism |
| what is populations density | a measurment of the number of individuals living in a defined space |
| what are the 3 types populations depersion | clumped, uniform, random |
| what is the suviourship curve | diagram that shows the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births |
| what is type two in suviorship | suviourship taye is equal at all stages of life |
| what is type three suviroship | very high birthrate very high mortality |
| what is type one suviourship | low bithrate low mortality |
| what is eponotional growth | when populations density in an area grows from inhabitate area to steadly growing |
| what causes changes in growth | births, death, emigration, immigration |
| logistic growth is... | due to a population facing limited resources |
| what is the carrying capacity | the maximum number of idividuals in a population that the environment can support |
| what are density dependent limiting factors | limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area: competion, predation, parasitism and disease |
| what are the density independent limiting factors | unusual weather, natural weather, human activities |
| what is succession | the sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community of create a community in a previously inhabited area |
| what is primary succesion | the establishment and development of an organism that live in an area that is previously inhabited |
| what is the secondary succession | sn illustrated in the reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact |
| what is a interspecific relationship | when the same species in the same area compete for resources |
| what is the pioneer species | the first species that moves into a previously inhabited area |
| what is competitive exclusion | when organisms with the same niche push one or the other out and force them to find a new niche or make them go extinct |
| what is the difference between a niche and habitat | habitat is all the abiotic and biotic features where the organism lives, a niche is the physical chemical and biological factors that a species needs to survive |
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