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Life Science 1
Stack #121347
| Vocabulary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | Cells are basic unit of structure and function, living things are made up of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Prokaryotic Cells | a bacteria cell with no nucleus and noe of the structures inside the cell have membranes |
| Eukaryotic Cells | characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus; their DNA is stored in the cell's nucleus; they have additional organelles including mitochondria |
| Cell membrane | holds cell together |
| Cytosol | fluid part within cytoplasm |
| Nucleus | contains DNA and makes RNA |
| Ribosomes | site of protein production |
| Mitochondria | conducts respiration for the cell; known as the cell powerhouse |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | transports molecules throughout cell |
| Golgi Complex | helps to package and secrete molecules within the cell |
| Lysosomes | organelles that contain enzymes to digest material within the cell |
| Photosynthesis | the chemical process in the chloroplasts by which plants use light to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, releasing oxygen, sunlight energy is required |
| Cellular Respiration | the process in the mitochondria which breaks down glucose into useable energy; the reverse of photosynthesis |
| Fermentation | occurs when cells make ATP energy without oxygen (anaerobic) by changing glucose to a different organic compound |
| Homeostasis | the maintaining of a stable internal condition |
| Passive Transport | molecules enter or leave the cell through diffusion, moving from areas of high to low concentration |
| Active Transport | helps to move small particles across cell membranes in the opposite direction of diffusion; requires use of energy by the cell |
| Prokaryotes | these cells divide by binary fission, in which each new cell is identical to the original cell |
| Mitosis | process of the cell's nucleus dividing and formation of two new cells with an identical copy of the original cell's chromosomes |
| Meosis | a process of sex cell division that allows for genetic variation; cells are left with half of the chromosomes of the original cell |
| Dominant Traits | for each pair of contrasting genetic traits, there was one dominant over the other and is expressed when present |
| Recessive Traits | this trait appears in one of four offspring in the second generation- it is expressed only if present in both parents and is without the dominant trait |
| Law of Independent Assortment | each trait is determined independently when combination of genes occurs |
| Alleles | two genes that determine the same trait |
| Homozygous alleles | when both genes that determine a trait are the same (PP) |
| Heterozygous alleles | when an organism has two different genes for the same trait (Pp) |
| Genotype | an organism's genetic make-up for a trait |
| Phenotype | the way an organism appears for a trait based on its genotype |
| DNA | responsible for the heredity of a person |
| DNA code | the steps of the ladder of DNA are made up of four different chemical bases (A-T and G-C) |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck | believed that organisms made changes to adapt to their environment and pass these "acquired traits" on to their offspring |
| Charles Darwin | his "Theory of Natural Selection" argued that individuals in a species inherit slightly different traits, giving certain members an advantage over the other to survive and reproduce |
Created by:
jgrimmett
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