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Campbell ch. 17

Chapter 17 gene to protein

TermDefinition
gene expression the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins.
transcription the synthesis of RNA using information from DNA
mRNA carries a genetic message from the DNA to the ribosome.
translation the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA. Change in language, from nucleotides to amino acids.
ribosome site of translation. complex particles that facilitate the orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains.
template strand The strand of DNA 3' to 5' contains the pattern for the RNA to transcribe
codons nucleotide sequences, 3 at a time. customarily written 5' to 3'
RNA polymerase enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA apart and joins together RNA nucelotides, which elongates the RNA polynucleotides.
promoter area where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.
transcription factors a collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription. (p53)
TATA box promoter DNA sequence, allows the RNA polymerase to bind to the strands
5' cap attaches to the 5' end
poly A tail attaches to the 3' end.
poly A tail and 5' cap help the mRNA to leave the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, protects from DEGRADATION and also helps the ribosome bind.
intron non-coding region of nucleic acid that lie between coding regions
exon eventually expressed by being translated into amino acid sequences.
spliceosome interacts with certain sites along the intron, releasing the intron which degrades it joining the two exons.
Created by: laura32395
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