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*Bio* DNA / RNA Test
DNA/RNA structure and components, scientists, synthesis, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transcription is the creation of: | RNA |
| RNA is produced from DNA through: | Transcription |
| Step 1: RNA ____ binds to a promoter; a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription. | Polymerase |
| Step 2: RNA polymerase unzips and unwinds the DNA and separates the _____ _____, exposing the nucleotides. | Hydrogen bonds |
| Step 3: RNA polymerase ____ and then links complementary RNA ______ as it reads the genes. | Adds; nucleotides |
| Step 4: RNA polymerase proceeds until it reaches a ____ ____ on DNA, and then it detaches. | Stop signal |
| All ___ types of RNA are made this way. | 3 |
| DNA is used as a _____ to make RNA. | Template |
| Three RNA bases combined make up a ____. | Codon |
| DNA goes with ___; RNA goes with ____. | Codes; codons |
| There are ___ possible codons. | 64 |
| There are ____ than one codon per amino acid. | More |
| Three of the 64 codons are ____ ____. | Stop signals |
| Methionine (AUG) is the universal ____. | Start |
| There are 3 stops, including: | UAA, UAG, & UGA |
| Translation is the assembling of ____. | Proteins |
| Step 1: mRNA moves out of the nucleus, through the nuclear pores, and into the _____. | Cytoplasm |
| Step 2: mRNA and tRNA form a ____. | Ribosome |
| Step 3: tRNA (____) carries amino acids to mRNA | Anticodons |
| ___ amino acid per tRNA. | 1 |
| Step 4: It reads until it reaches at ____ ____. | Stop code |
| Step 5: ____ is released into the cell. | Protein |
| It takes ___ bases to pick up an amino acid. | 3 |
| Protein synthesis is: | Translation |
| The ___ molecule unzips at the hydrogen bonds. | DNA |
| What type of RNA picks up amino acids? | tRNA |
| Code | DNA |
| Codon | mRNA |
| Anticodon | tRNA |
| Sequences always start with ___. | AUG |
| Step 1 of writing part: | DNA strand is given. (Ex: GTA) |
| Step 2 of writing part: | Find the opposite mRNA codons (using U, not T)(Ex: GTA - CAU) |
| Step 3 of writing part: | Find the amino acid sequence (actual name of mRNA acid using chart)(Ex: CAU = histidine) |
| Step 4 of writing part: | Find the tRNA anticodons (These are the same as the DNA strand given, but the T's are replaced with U's) |
| In RNA, ____ is replaced with ____. | Thymine; uracil |
| DNA contains: | Introns and exons |
| Exon | Codes for proteins (exons exit the nucleus) |
| Introns | "Junk DNA"; not used in the coding of protein (introns stay inside) |
| Introns are ___ ___ of the RNA molecule while it is still in the _____. | Cut; out; nucleus |
| Exons are ____ back to form the final mRNA. | Fused |
| There are two types of mutations, ____ and ____. | Chromosomal; point |
| A mutation is a ____ in the ____ of DNA. | Change; sequence |
| A point mutation: a change in ____ or a ____ nucleotides. | One; few |
| Substitution affects no more than a single ____ ____. | Amino acid |
| A frameshift mutation is a shift in the ____ ____. | Genetic sequence |
| There are __ types of point mutations, which include: | 5; insertion; deletion duplication; translocation; inversion |
| Insertion: an ___ nucleotide is added. | Extra |
| Deletion: a nucleotide is ___ ___. | Left out |
| Duplication: a segment is ____. | Repeated |
| Inversion: a piece is ____ ___ and reattached upside-down | Broken off |
| Translocation: a piece of one chromosome ___ ___ and attaches to another ____. | Breaks off; chromosome |
| There are ___ steps in DNA replication. | 3 |
| Step 1: helicases ____ and ____ the DNA strand. | Unwind; unzip |
| Step 2: at the ____ ___, DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. | Replication fork |
| Step 2: DNA polymerase stays attached until it reaches a ___ ___. | Stop signal |
| There are __ bonds between A and T. | 2 |
| There are __ bonds between G and C. | 3 |
| Chargaff created the ___ ____ ___. | Base pairing rules |
| Wilkins and Franklin used ____ ____. | X-ray crystallography |
| Franklin created ____ __. | Photo 51 |
| Watson and Crick created a model of a ____ ____. | Double helix |
| The purines are: | A and G |
| The pyrimidines are: | T and C |
| The uprights of the DNA ladder are made of: | Sugar and phosphate |
| The rungs of the DNA ladder are made of: | Nitrogenous bases |
| DNA is _____ acid; RNA is ______ acid. | Deoxyribonucleic; ribonucleic |
| DNA has _____ sugar; RNA has ______ sugar. | Deoxyribose; ribose |
| DNA has __ strands; RNA has __ strands. | 2; 1 |
| There is __ type of DNA; there are __ types of RNA. | 1; 3 |
| rRNA: directs ___ ___; found in the _____. | Protein synthesis; ribosomes |
| tRNA: transfers ____ ____ to ____ during translation; found in the ____. | Amino acids; mRNA; cytoplasm |
| mRNA: brings information from ___ to ___; created in ___, but travels to ____. | DNA; ribosomes; nucleus; cytoplasm |
| ___ forms ___ from DNA. | Transcription; mRNA |
| Transcription takes place in the ____. | Nucleus |
| Transcription creates ___. | RNA |
Created by:
mma129
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