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Unit 3 cytology
Bruton unit 3 cytology flashcards for unit test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called | **elements |
| The smallest amount of an element? | **atom |
| There are approximately 100 naturally occurring elements, How many of these are essential to living things? | **25 |
| What are the 4 most common elements in living things? | **carbon **oxygen **hydrogen **nitrogen |
| What is measured by pH? | acidity |
| The pH scale ranges between and | 0-14 |
| If the pH is less than 7 the substance is ** Give an example | **acidic hydrochloric acid |
| If the pH is greater than 7 the substance is ** Give an example ** | **basic **sodium hydroxide |
| If the pH is exactly 7 the substance is ** Give an example ** | **neutral **water |
| What is the study of cells? (prefixes/suffixes) | **cytology cyt=cell logy=the study of |
| Define Cells | **the basic units of living organisms |
| What invention allowed the discovery of cells? | microscopes |
| Who is credited with discovering and naming cells? | ** Robert Hooke |
| What type of cells did Hooke observe? | cork |
| Why did Hooke call them cells? | they reminded him of the small rooms monks lived in at a monastery |
| What is the contribution of Dujardin? | He was a frenchman who was the first person to view living cells and say they were alive |
| What is the contribution of Schleiden? | He concluded all plants are made of cells |
| What is the contribution of Schwann? | He concluded all animals are made of cells |
| What is the contribution of Rudolph Virchow in relation to the cell? | All cells come from other cells |
| What is stated by the Cell Theory? | **1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. |
| What determines the size of an organism? | The number of how many cells make up the organism |
| Define Organelle | small and specialized structures in a cell |
| What are Eukaryotic Cells? | Cells that have membrane-bound organelles |
| What are Prokaryotic Cells? | Cells that do not have membrane-bound organelles (bacteria) |
| What is Specialization? | The division of labor |
| What is the advantage of specialization? | The cell can get really good at that job(not necessarily do it faster |
| What is the disadvantage of specialization? | The cell becomes dependent on the other specialized cells and would die alone (interdependence) |
| What are the 5 levels of specialization? | cell-no specialization tissues- a group of cells with one purpose organs- several tissues organ system- several organs doing the same thing (digestive system) complete organism- |