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Biology Ch 17 Vocab

TermDefinition
Biodiversity The variety of living things at all levels - from populations to ecosystems
Taxonomy The study of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Taxon (or taxa) Any particular group within a taxonomic system
The Linnaean System (levels of classification - in order of largest to smallest groups) Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Binomial nomenclature The system of two-part names (Genus + species) For example, Homo sapiens = humans
Subspecies Variations of species that live in different geographic areas
Phylogenetics The analysis of evolutionary or ancestral relationships among groups of living things
Phylogenetic diagram Looks like a family tree and shows how closely related groups of living things are thought to be
Cladistics A system of analysis that uses shared and derived characters as the only criteria for grouping living things
Shared character A feature that all members of a group have in common (For example, mammals have hair.)
Derived character A feature that evolved only within the group under consideration (For example, only birds have had feathers for millions of years.)
Clade A group of organisms that includes an ancestor plus all of its decendants
Cladograms Diagrams that show the relationship of groups of living things using shared and derived characters
Domain Bacteria Small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cellular fission (splitting)
Domain Archaea Single-cell prokaryotes that have unique cell membranes and other unique genetic properties
Domain Eukarya Multi-cellular eukaryote organisms that have large cells, a true nucleus, and complex organelles (cell body parts)
Kingdom Eubacteria In Domain Bacteria - small prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cellular fission (splitting)
Kingdom Archaeabacteria In Domain Archaea - prokaryotes that have unique cell membranes and other unique properties
Kingdom Protista In Domain Eukarya - eukaryotes that are NOT plants, animals, or fungi
Kingdom Fungi In Domain Eukarya - eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that absorb their nutrients from food
Kingdom Plantae In Domain Eukarya - eukaryotic, multicellular plants
Kingdom Animalia In Domain Eukarya - eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic organisms that develop from embryos
Created by: rdurante
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