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IB Kidney/Hormones

IB Biology : Kidney and Hormones

QuestionAnswer
Ultra filtration: •Blood from afferent Arteriole -> glomerulus •Water and nutrients leaked out of holes in the fenestrated capillaries oOnly red blood cells are proteins are left in capillaries •Basement membrane is the next layer in filtration system
Ultra filtration: •Podocyes (weird finger cells) are the last step to the filter—these cells have filtration slits to allow materials to pass through the Bowman’s capsule. Wraps around.
Structure of Nephron: (goes with a picture) •Glomerulus •Bowman’s Capsule •Proximal Convoluted Tubule •Loop of Henle •Distal Convoluted Tubule •Collected •Acronyms: Good Cops Love Dumb Criminals
Proximal Convoluted Tubule •Main purpose re-absorb sugar •Waste contend plus useful nutrients are all dumped here form bowman’s capsule •Water, glucose, and salt are reabsorbed •Connects Bowman’s capsule to Loop of Henle •Takes sugar from waste product and back into blood
Loop of Henle / Collecting Duct •Descending Loop of Henle—Water reabsorption—always passive •Ascending Loop of Henle—Salt reabsorption—passive and active •Skinny tube re absorbs water (water makes people skinny •Wide tube reabsorbs salt (salt makes people fat)
Loop of Henle / Collecting Duct •Vasa Recta—network of capillaries that surround the loop •Collecting Duct—Carries the urea to the renal pelvis and regulates how much salt is in urine oADH is the hormone that affects the collecting duct
ADH •Peptide Hormone produced in Hypothalamus (in brain) •If you are thirsty, this hormone allows water to come out of the collecting duct via Aquapourins •Negative Feedback  more water in blood, the less ADH produced in hypothalamus
ADH oNegative feedback: Thermostat ex. The once it gets to the goal, then it stops •Balances the water/salt balance in blood
Pituitary Gland •Located in the brain , next to hypothalamus •Neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus produce hormones that trigger the production of DIFFERENT hormones in the anterior pituitary gland •Half makes Hormones other half store hormones
Pituitary Gland • Anterior pituitary gland produces these hormones in Endocrine Gland • These travel all over the body • Posterior pituitary does not make anything, just stores hormones from the hypothalamus
Temperature Regulation: •Cold oHypothalamus activates warming mechanisms oShivering oBlood vessel in the skin contract more heat stays inside body
Temperature Regulation: Hot oSweat gland secrete sweat, evaporate and cool the body oBlood vessel in skin dilate more blood is giving off heat near the surface of the skin
Blood Sugar Regulation: •Low blood sugar: oPancreas releases glucagon Takes some of the stored sugar and puts it into the blood oLiver breaks down some glycogen to raise blood sugar oBack to homeostasis
Blood Sugar Regulation: •High blood sugar oPancreas releases insulin oLiver stores more glucose (as glycogen) oBack to homeostasis oAlpha – Glucagon oBeta – Insulin
Created by: tamlyd000
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