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plants 11 def
tissues and cell types
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| APICAL MERISTEM | An area of cell division at the tip of a stem or root in a plant; produces primary tissues |
| BUD | A dormant embryonic shoot that eventually develops into an apical meristem |
| Collenchyma Cells | A living plant cell with moderatly but unevenally thickend primary walls |
| Companion cell | A specialized parenchyma cell, located in the phloem of flowering plants and closely associated in development and function with a sieve-tube element. |
| Cork cambium | A lateral meristem that produces cork cells and cork parenchyma |
| Cork Cells | Cells prodiuced by the cork cambium. are dead at maturity and function for protection |
| Cork parenchyma | One or more layers of parenchyma cells produced by the cork cambium |
| Dermal tissue system | The tissue system that provides an outer covering for the plant body |
| Guard Cell | A cell in the epidermis of a stem or leaf; 2 gaurd cells form a pore called a stoma for gas exchange |
| Ground meristem | The primary meristem that differentiates into the pith and cortex |
| Ground tissue system | All of the tissues of the plant body other than the vascular tissues and the dermal tissues |
| Lateral meristem | An area of cell division on the side of the vascular plant; The 2 lateram meristems vascular and cork cambium give rise to secondary tissue |
| Leaf primordium | A lateral outgrowth from the apical meristem that develops into a leaf |
| Meristem | A region of plant tissue consisting of actively dividing cells forming new tissue |
| Parenchyma | A plant cell that is relatively unspecialized and thin walled may contain chlorophyll, and is typically rather losely packed. |
| Perennial | A plant that lives for more than 2 years |
| Perforation plate | remains of the end walls between two adjacent vessel elements in a *vessel of the xylem, forming an opening between the cells, thus facilitating the free movement of water through the vessel. |
| Periderm | • Outermost layer of cells covering a woody stem or root (the outer bark that replaces epidermis when it is destroyed during secondary growth) |
| Phloem | • A complex vascular tissue that conducts food (carbohydrate) throughout the plant body |
| Plasmodesmata | A cytoplasmic channel connecting adjacent plant cells and allowing for the movement of molecules and ions between cells |
| Procambium | The meristematic tissue that the vascular bundles develop from |
| Protoderm | The primary meristem that gives rise to epidermis. |
| Root hair | An extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases the absorbitive capacity of the root |
| Root system | The part of the vascular plant body that is normally found underground. Anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from soil |
| Sclereid | A thick-walled lignified plant cell that is often branched. • Short, often branched • Single or aggregates • Seed coats, shells, etc |
| Sclerenchyma | cell with extremly thick walls that provides strength and suppoort to the plant body |
| Shoot system | The part of the vascular plant body that is normally found above ground consists of stem and leaves |
| Sieve plate | The perforated end wall of a sieve tube cell |
| Stoma | A small pore flanked by gaurd cells in the epidermis provides for gas exchange for photosynthesis |
| Tissue | A group of closely associated simialar cells that work together to carry out specific functions |
| Tracheid | A type of water conducting and supporting cell in the xylem of vascular plants |
| Trichome | A hair or other appendage growing out from the epidermis |
| Vascular cambium | A Lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem(wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark) |
| Vascular tissue system | The tissue system that conducts materials throught the plant body |
| Vessel element | A type of water conducting cell in the xylem of vascular plants |
| Xylem | Vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant body |
| Adventitious | Arising in a unusual position; applies to an organ such as a root or a bud |
| Apoplast | A continuium consisting of the interconnected porous plant cell walls along with water moves freely |
| Carrying capacity | The largest population that a particular habitat can support and and sustain for an indefinite period as suming there are no changes in the environment |
| Casparian strip | A band of waterproof material around the radial and transverse cells of the epidermis; ensures water and materials enter the xylem |
| Contractile roots | A specialized root often found on bulbs or corms that contracts and pulls the plant the a desirable depth in the soil |
| Cortex | The ground tissue between the epidermis and the phloem in nonwoody roots and stems |
| Desertification | Degradation of once fertile rangeland or tropical dry forest. caused by soil erosion |
| Endodermis | The innermost layer of the cortext of a plant root that prevents water and dissolved materials from entering the xylem by passing between cells |
| Fibrous root system | A root system consisting of several adventitious roots of approximetly equal size that arise from the base of the stem |
| Lateral Root | A root system made up of many threadlike members of more or less equal length, as in most grasses. |
| Mucigel | The slimy, viscous substance secreted by the roots of plants, consisting of a hydrated polysaccharide. Mucigel lubricates the tips of roots as they push their way through the soil during growth. |
| Mycorrhizae | A mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root that helps the plant absorb minerals from the soil. |
| Nodules | A small swelling on the root of a leguminous plant in which beneficial nitrogen fixing bacteria |
| Pericycle | A layer of cells inside the endodermis of the root; gives rise to lateral roots |
| Pith | Ground tissue found in the centers of many stems and roots; composed of |
| Pheumatophore | A specialized respiratory root structure in certain aquatic plants, such as the bald cypress. |
| Primary root | the first root produced by a germinating seed, developing from the radicle of the embryo. |
| Prop root | An adventitious root arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant |
| Rhizobia | Any of various nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Rhizobium that form nodules on the roots of leguminous plants, such as clover and beans |
| Rhizosphere | The soil zone that surrounds and is influenced by the roots of plants. |
| Root Cap | A covering of cells over the root tip that protects the delicate meristematic tissue directly behind it |
| Root graft | The union of roots of 2 different plants of either the same or different species |
| Stele | the central core or cylinder of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and associated ground tissues (pith and pericycle) in a root or stem |
| Sucker | A shoot that developes adventitiously from a root ; a type of asexual reproduction |
| Symplast | A continuium consisting of the cytoplasm of many plant cells, connected from one cell to the next by plasmodesmata |
| Taproot system | A root system consisting of one prominate main root with small lateral roots branching from it |
| Vascular cambium | A lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark) |
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ready2go44
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