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Int Sci Community Ec
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| community | A group of populations living close enough together for potential interaction |
| species diversity | a measure that combines the number of species in a community with the relative abundances of those species. |
| interspecific interactions | Relationships between different species in the community |
| interspecific competition | Two different species compete for the same limited resource |
| niche | Sum of an organism’s use of biotic and abiotic resources |
| Interspecific competition occurs when | the niches of two populations overlap |
| How does competition impact the carrying capacity of competing populations? | lowers it |
| mutualism | Interspecific relationship in which both species benefits from the relationship |
| predation | Interspecific relationship in which one species attacks and eats the other species |
| adaptation | a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| herbivory | Interspecific relationship in which an animal consumes plant material (not usually fatal to plant) |
| herbivory leads to diverse _____ in plants | adaptations |
| A few defenses plants have against herbivory are | spines, thorns, toxins |
| coevolution | occurs when two or more different species evolve in response to each other |
| parasitism | Interspecific relationship in which one species obtains its nutrients from the body of another. |
| host | the organism that a parasite lives in or on |
| pathogen | disease causing parasite |
| invasive species | Non-native species that are introduced in new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called |
| Why are invasive species so destructive to a community? | They may outcompete native species thereby reducing their population and disrupting the balance in the community |
| trophic structure | A pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels |
| food chain | Sequence of food transfer up the trophic levels |
| producers | Support all other trophic levels by transforming the sun's energy into the chemical energy of organic molecules (sugar) |
| autotroph | "self feeder"; an organism that can transform the sun's energy into organic molecules (plants, algae, cyanobacteria) |
| heterotroph | "other feeder"; an organism that eats other organisms (animals, fungi, some protists & bacteria) |
| primary consumer | an organism that eats producers |
| secondary consumer | an organism that eats primary consumers |
| tertiary consumer | an organism that eats secondary consumers |
| quaternary consumer | an organism that eats tertiary consumers |
| detrivore / decomposer | an organism that gets its energy from eating dead matter and or wastes |
| food web | A network of interconnecting food chains |
| Only 10% of the energy in one tropic level is | passed to the next |
| If 10 % of the energy in one trophic level is passed to the next level, what happens to the other 90% of the energy? | it is used for cellular work and then released into the atmosphere as heat |
| If you wanted to conserve more energy in the ecosystem, what kind of food would you eat? | plants |
| keystone species | A species whose impact on its community is larger than its biomass or abundance indicates |
| disturbances | Events that damage biological communities |
| Communities ____ drastically following a severe disturbance | change |
| ecological succession | A succession of change gradually replaces other species as each species responds differently to the changing environment |
| primary succession | Begins in a virtually lifeless area with no soil |
| secondary succession | When a disturbance destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact |
| primary succession takes longer than secondary succession because ____ must first form | soil |
| ecosystem | All the organisms in a community as well as the abiotic environment |
| Energy flows ____ an ecosystem. | through |
| chemicals cycle ____ within an ecosystem. | within |
| producer productivity | The amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs |
| biomass | Amount of living organic material in an ecosystem |
| biome that has the highest producer productivity | algal beds and coral reefs |
| Ecosystems are supplied with a continual influx of energy from the ____ | sun |
| Life depends on energy from the sun & the ____ of chemicals | recycling |
| Organisms acquire chemicals as ____ and lose chemicals as ____ products | nutrients; waste |
| biogeochemical cycles | Cycle chemicals between organisms and the Earth |
| ____ is the major ingredient of all organic molecules | carbon |
| The return of CO2 to the atmosphere by ___ closely balances its removal by ____ | respiration; photosynthesis |
| The carbon cycle is affected by burning ___ and ____ ____. | wood; fossil fuels |
| Organisms require ____, among other molecules for nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP | phosphorus |
| The phosphorus cycle depends on the weathering of ____ | rock |
| Plants absorb phosphate ions in the ____ and build them into organic compounds | soil |
| The nitrogen cycle depends on ____ | bacteria |
| ____ is an essential component of proteins and nucleic acids | nitrogen |
| ___ ___ converts nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into ammonium and nitrates plants can absorb from the soil | nitrogen fixation |
| ____ on the roots of plants carry out nitrogen fixation | bacteria |
Created by:
szern
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