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SueM Adapt & Environ
AQA Biology 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are living things adapted to their environment. | Keep warm, Catch prey, Camouflage, Run fast, Save water etc. |
| How are populations controlled. | Competition for resources, Diseases, Predators |
| Even within the same species individuals look slightly different. How does this variation occur | Genetic variation - caused by genes eg eye colour. Environmental variation - cause by the environment eg scars |
| What do genes do? | Control characteristics. |
| What is a chromosome? | A long length of DNA containing many genes. |
| Where are the chromosomes found? | In the nucleus |
| How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? | 23 pairs - 1 of each pair from each parent. |
| What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction (cloning)? | Identical offspring, Only needs 1 parent |
| What are the characteristics of sexual reproduction? | Variation in offspring Needs 2 parents |
| What are the 2 ways of cloning plants? | Taking cuttings, Tissue culture. |
| How does tissue culture work? | Small amounts of parent tissue taken, Transferred to sterile nutrient agar jelly to grow, Plant hormones added, Cells grow rapidly into small masses of tissue, More hormones added for growth of roots and stems, |
| What are the advantages of cloning plants? | You can be certain what the plant will look like. |
| What are the disadvantages of cloning plants? | Both methods are expensive. |
| What are the characteristics of cloning animals? | Genetically identical organisms from donor’s DNA, A high proportion of animal clones either don’t develop or develop health problems |
| What is the advantage of cloning a Prize Ram and a Prize Ewe? | Allows many more offspring to be produced than the Ram and Ewe could produce naturally |
| Describe how genetic engineering works | Gene cut out of the chromosome using a restriction enzyme, Bacterial plasmid cut open, Gene is inserted into plasmid Modified plasmid put back into bacterium, Bacteria are allowed to mul,tiply, Produce Insulin Bacteria are killed, Chemical extract |
| What are the characteristics of the fossil record? | Formed when hard parts of animals and plants were replaced by other minerals, Animal or plant was preserved in ice, Incomplete record, |
| What was Lamarck's theory? | Organisms acquire characteristics by interaction with the environment, Characteristics acquired in this way can be passed on to off-spring |
| What was Darwin's theory? | Organisms which are best adapted to the environment survive to breed, They then pass on the characteristics they were born with to their off-spring. |
| What is extinction? | The permanent loss of all members of a species from the Earth. |
| How is extinction caused? | Changes to the environment, Disease, New predator, New competition |
Created by:
suemcmonagle
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