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Meterologyunnit3
Random facts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wind | horizontal air movement resulting from air pressure gradients (advection) *stronger than convection |
| Naming winds | Name is derived from where it comes from |
| wind vane | Points where the wind is coming from |
| wind sox | Indicates direction and speed |
| anemometer | Measures wind speed |
| Beaufort Scale | Gradual sequences of wind strength, scale of 0-12 (page 171) |
| wind chill | It is not a decr. in temp., but rather an incr. in the evaporational rate more of a cooling effect on the skin *reduces the skin "boundary layer" |
| Why do winds change during the day, and into the evening? | ??? |
| Factors that create wind | Pressure Gradient, Centripetal force, coriolis Effect, Friction, Gravity. |
| Pressure Gradient | change in pressure per unit distance-horizontally * flows from high to low *closer the isobars, the stronger the wind,rapid changes in press. |
| Isobars | Connect areas of equal air pressures |
| Centripetal force | A force directed inward, toward the center, in a circular path(low press.) means (center-seeking)--changes wind direction and not speed, **net force is directed inward |
| Coriolis Effect | Change in position due to the rotation of the earth.**1044 mph (?) - an Apparent motion?(causes winds to flow isobars) -increases due to velocity or latitude, greatest effects at the poles, least at EQ |
| winds are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere,winds are deflected to the left in the Southern Hemisphere | Coriolis Effect |
| Friction | Resistance to move because of contact with another object or media, *because of the land features, also creates lots of turbulence |
| Gravity | Down slope winds * Gravity only effects vertical winds |
| Katabatic | Cool wind always moving down - density of a cool air mass vs. warm air |
| High pressure wants to level out pressure gradient | |
| # 1 reason why we have wind | Pressure |
| Friction slows down winds and causes them to bend. | oceans have straighter wind - less friction |
| 1.) Conclusion to wind factors | Pressure gradients accelerates the air from a High area to a low area |
| 2.) Conclusion to wind factors | Curved air motion is influenced by centripetal forces, change in direct. |
| 3.) Conclusion to wind factors | Coriolis Effect causes winds to swerve to the right (or left) - Larger scale winds- velocity and latitude have the greatest changes |
| 4.) Conclusion to wind factors | Friction slows down wind, effects winds below 3300 feet |
| 5.) Conclusion to wind factors | Gravity -it doesn't modify Horizontal winds, but accelerates downward motion |
| Surface winds | cyclonic(counter and in)and Anticyclonic(clockwise and out) - refers to wind direction |
| Horizontal convergence | Winds slow down, pile up, run into each other |
| Horizontal divergence | Winds combine, space out, speed up |
| Buys-Ballot Law | Wind at your back, low pressure to the left (or turn 45 degrees to the right) this will point to the storms center |
| States of Weather Systems | Global, synoptic, mesoscale, microscale. |
| Global wx | wind circulations, horse latitudes, doldrums-10,000-40,000 km, weeks to months |
| Synoptic wx | continental wind patterns -Highs and Lows, air masses-100 to 10,000 Km---Days to week |
| Mesoscale | Thunderstorms- 1 to 100 Km---- Hours to one day |
| Microscale | inside the thunderstorm (mesocyclone)--1 meter to 1 Km- seconds to hours |
| Semipermanent Pressure Systems | Pressure systems that seem to persistent in certain areas, yet they undergo drastic seasonal changes in location and strength |
| Wind Systems | Introduced by an American Meteorologist, Victor Starr **created by unequal heating and cooling of the earth's surface |
| Where are most of the world's desserts | located on subtropic or arctic highs |
| Where is air sinking | Horse latitudes and Polar Highs |
| Doldrums | windless zone over the the equator - winds move straight up. |
| ITCZ | Intertropical Convergence Zone *where rising air motion induces cloudiness and rainfall *discontinuous belt of thunderstorms that parallel the equator |
| Heat Equator | Earth's highest mean annual surface temp: seasonal changes in location |
| Trade Winds | air that descends and moves towards the equator-moves weather west *used by sailors and now by pilots, **most persistent pattern on the planet |
Created by:
nwolter
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