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Science stack00
Science flash cards for mrs brewers class
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inherited traits | Characteristics inherited from both parents passed on to their offspring |
| Inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two people with similar sets of alleles are crossed |
| Purebred | The offspring of many generations that have the same traits |
| Chromosomes | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin |
| Probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| Sexual reproduction | A reproductive process that involves 2 parents that combine genetic material to produce a new organism which differes from both parents |
| Genotype | An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
| Asexual reproduction | A reproductive process that only involves one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA |
| Punnett square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Selective Breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generations |
| Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism it was produced |
| Genetics | The scientific study if hereditary |
| Dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up when the allele is present |
| Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterygous for a particular trait |
| Cytosine | Is one of the bases that form part of a nucleotide, the structures that are present in DNA chains. Always made up with guanine |
| Thymine | One of the four bases of a nucleotide that are found in DNA. Thymine is paired adenine in DNA sequences and is replaced by ura il in mRNA |
| Guanine | Is one of the bases that form part is nucleotide. Always paired up with cytosine. |
| Adenine | Is one of the bases that form part of a nucleotide. Always pairs up with thymine |
| Stem cells | Can grow into any one any one if the body's 200 cell types. They retrain the ability to divide throughout life and give rid of cells that can become highly specialized and take the place of cells that die or are lost |
| Phenotype | An organisms physical appearance, or visible traits |
| Mutation | A change a gene or chromosome |
| Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait;but does not have the trait |
| Genetic engineering | The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| Cells | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Genes | The sets of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| Traits | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
| Mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA Is distributed to new daughter cells |
| Meiosis | The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half |
| Allele | The different forms of a gene |
| Dominant allele | A allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
Created by:
Blh080
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