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Mod 4A A&P Ch 23 Lec
Growth and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prenatal period | Begins at conception and continues until birth. |
| Blastocyst | Hollow ball of cells that implants in uterine wall at about 10 days after fertilization |
| Amniotic cavity | Cavity within the blastocyst that will become a fluid-filled sac in which the embryo will float during development |
| Chorion | Structure that develops into an important fetal membrane in the placenta |
| Placenta | 1) anchors fetus to the uterus 2) provides "bridge" for exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and baby 3) acts as respiratory organ and endocrine & exocrine gland 4)placental tissue seperates maternal blood from fetal blood 5) acts as barrier |
| Chorionic villi | Connects the blood vessels of the chorion to the placenta |
| Trimesters | 3 month segments of a pregnancy |
| Embryo | Developing fetus in the first trimester |
| Fetus | Period of development from week 9 to 39 |
| Embryonic phase | Week 3 to end of 8th week, heart is beating by day 35, eyes are visible, "limb buds" are visible |
| Fetal phase | Week 9 to 39, facial features are apparent, limbs are complete, gender identified, by 4th month all organ systems are complete and in place. |
| Primary germ layers | Provides for the development of definite structures such as skin, nervous tissue, muscles and digestive organs. |
| Endoderm | Inside layer |
| Ectoderm | Outside layer |
| Mesoderm | Middle layer |
| Stem cells | Specialized cells that reproduce to form specific lines of specialized cells. |
| Adult stem cells | Found in the skin, many glands, muscles , nerve tissue and in the GI tract. |
| Organogenesis | The way the tissues arrange themselves into organs. |
| Parturition | Process of birth |
| Process of birth | Uterus becomes irritable, fetus takes head down position against cervix, muscular contractions begin and labor is initiated, amniotic sac ruptures, cervix dilates, fetus moves through vagina to exterior |
| Stage one of labor | From onset of uterine contractions until complete dilation of the cervix. |
| Stage two of labor | From time of maximal cervical dilation until the baby exits through the vagina |
| Stage three of labor | Process of expulsion of the placenta through the vagina |
| Identical twins | Splitting of tissue from same zygote, genetically identical, share same placenta, separate umbilical cords, same blood type |
| Fraternal twins | Different ova and fertilized separately, may be from production of more than one mature ovum or fertility drugs, can have two different biological fathers. |
| Implantation in uterine tube | Tube cannot stretch with growth, may rupture, most common type of ectopic pregnancy |
| Postnatal Period | Begins at birth continues until death. |
| Infancy | Birth to 18 months |
| Neonatal period | First 4 weeks of infancy |
| 3 months | Able to raise head |
| 4 months | Birth weight doubles |
| 10 months | Able to crawl |
| 12 months | Birth weight triples, 50% increase in body length, able to stand alone |
| 18 months | Able to run |
| Childhood | Infancy to puberty, growth rate remains but decelerates, development of motor and coordination skills continues, loss of baby teeth and eruption of permanent teeth |
| Puberty | 13 in girls, 15 in boys |
| Adulthood | Growth plates fully close, sinuses acquire adult placement, degeneration of body tissue begins |
| Older adulthood | Gradual decline begins to take place in the function of every major body system. |
| Atherosclerosis | Fat deposits in vessels |
| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries |
| Cataracts | Lens become cloudy and yellowed |
| Presbyopia | Eye lenses become hard |
| Glaucoma | Increased pressure in the eyeball |
| Barrel chest | Rib cage remains in the expanded position |
Created by:
ROSSMIBOA
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