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Physical Science 1
Stack #120625
| Vocab Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heliocentric Theory | the theory first proposed by Copernicus, stating that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun |
| Gravity | a force of attraction between any two objects, it governs the movements of the planets |
| Stars | formed out of clouds of gases and dust in space known as nebula, produce energy through nuclear fusion |
| Big Bang Theory | the universe began in an explosion between 13-15 billion years ago, based upon stars moving away from one another |
| Continental Crust | outermost layer of the Earth |
| Oceanic Crust | lies beneath the ocean |
| Mantle | made up of hot, dense rock, as one moves deeper, the temperature and pressure rise |
| Outer Core of Mantle | made up of molten nickel and iron |
| Inner Core of Mantle | solid, mainly made of iron |
| Lithosphere | made up of crust and top layer of mantle, divided into shifting tectonic plates |
| Divergent Plate Boundary | two tectonic plates spread apart, magma comes through the gap |
| Convergent Plate Boundary | two tectonic plates come together |
| Subduction Zone | oceanic crust dives under lighter continental crust |
| Transform Plate Boundary | two plates slide by horizontally |
| Hydrosphere | made up of all water on Earth's surface, accounts for 70% of Earth's surface |
| Water Cycle | Circulates through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and run-off |
| Atmosphere | an envelope of gases around the Earth, mainly made up of nitrogen and oxygen |
| Greenhouse Effect | burning fossil fuel adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, heating up the Earth |
| Atom | smallest unit of matter unique to a particular element |
| Proton | positively charged, located within the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | neutral in charge, the same mass as the proton, located within the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | negatively charged, attracted to nucleus' positive charge, move around the nucleus at high speeds in different energy levels, same number as protons |
| Atomic Symbol | one or two letters to identify elements |
| Atomic Number | reflects the number of protons within an atom |
| Atomic Mass | the sum of protons and neutrons within an atom |
| Electron Energy Levels | each can hold on a specific number of electrons, an atom is most stable when it fills its outermost energy level |
| Ionic Bonds | when a transfer of electrons occurs between two or more atoms, negatively charged ions are attracted to positively charged ions |
| Covalent Bonds | some atoms complete their outer levels by sharing electrons |
| Chemical Reactions | combinations of substances that result in one or more new substances with new physical and chemical properties |
| Balancing Equations | there should be the same number of atoms on each side of a reaction |
| Conservation of Mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction |
Created by:
jgrimmett
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