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Ch. 12 questions
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 6 most abundant elements in microbes? | carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfar |
| What are the 6 most abundant types of molecules in a living bacterium? | water, proteins, RNA, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA |
| What is the most abundant component of living bacteria? | water |
| Autotrophs | bacteria that can use carbon dioxide from the air as their carbon source |
| Heterotrophs | bacteria that require their carbon source in an organic form--sugar or amino acid |
| Fastidious organisms | bacteria that do not produce their own vitamins, usually because they can acquire them from the host |
| Auxotrophs | mutant bacteria that are incapable of synthesizing an organic molecule, such as a vitamin |
| Photoautotrophs | bacteria that derive energy from light |
| Halophiles | bacteria that have adapted to growth in high-salt conditions |
| Methanogens | bacteria that derive energy from carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane gas |
| Chemoautotrophs | bacteria that derive energy from rocks or minerals rather than sunlight or organic materials |
| How are culture media produced? | agar is added to culture broth--mix is boiled to melt agar--mix poured into petri dishes where it solidifies as it cools to room temp |
| Distinguish defined dedia from complex media | defined media--complete chemical contents are known--made of known chemicals--complex media--contains some component from biological source--animal/plant--some constituent chemicals not known |
| Define selective media | allow some organisms to grow while inhibiting others |
| Define differential media | allow several kinds of organisms to grow--organisms appear differently--organisms might appear as different colors |
| How are pure bacterial cultures obtained? | streaking sample of bacteria onto pertri dish--individual bacteria fall in well-isolated positions--grown into colonies--individual colonies recovered as pure cultures |
| Name & define the technique used to work with microbial cultures | aseptic technique--handling samples so they don't become contaminated from the outside |
| How does diffusion assist a cell nutritionally? | Brownian motion--nutrient molecules constantly moving--make contact with bacterium--pass through outer layers--diffuse to bacterias cytoplasmic membrane--cell can transport them inside |
| What prevents a bacterial cell from rupturing due to internal osmotic or hydrostatic pressure? | strength of peptidoglycan layer prevents bacterial cell from rupturing due to internal osmotic/hydrostatic pressure |
| Aerobes | bacteria that grow in the pressence of oxygen |
| Facultative anaerobes | bacteria that grow with/without oxygen |
| Microaerophiles | bacteria that require reduced levels of oxygen |
| Anaerobes | bacteria that fail to grow in the presence of oxygen |
| Acidophiles | bacteria that grow in acidic environments |
| Alkalophiles | bacteria that grow in alkaline environments |
| Obligate halophiles | bacteria that can't grow without salt |
| Psychrophiles | bacteria that thrive in cold temperatures |
| Mesophiles | bacteria that thrive in warm temperatures |
| Thermophiles | bacteria that thrive in hot temperatures |
| Thermoduric bacteria | bacteria that can't grow in high temps--also not killed by high temps |
| Symbiosis | a relationship in which different organisms grow with one another |
| Synergism | relationship which total growth of 2 or more organisms is more than if they had grown independently |
| Commensalism | relationship in which one organism helps another but is unaffected itself |
| Antagonism | harmful relationship between two organisms |
| Normal flora | native microbes that an individual harbors without causing disease |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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