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Chest and Lungs A&P
Anatomy and Physiology of Chest and lungs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary muscles of respiration | diaphragm and intercostal muscles |
| Which muscles increase the AP diameter of the chest during inspiration? | External intercostal muscles |
| Location of division of the trachea in into right and left main bronchi | T4 or T5 |
| Right lung may be higher due to | fulness of the dome of the liver |
| Posteriorly, the lower lobe of the lungs extends from T3 to | T10 |
| A visible and palpable angulation of the sternum and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum. | manubriosternal junction (angle of louis) |
| One can count the ribs and the intercostal spaces from what point | manubriosternal junction (angle of Louis) |
| The number of each intercostal space correspond to that of | rib immediately above it. |
| A depression, easily palpable and most often visible at the base of the ventral aspect of the neck, just superior to the manubriosternal junction. | Suprasternal notch. |
| The angle formed by the blending together of the costal margins at the sternum. It is usually no more than 90 degress, with he ribs inserted at approximately 45-degree angles | Costal angel |
| The spinous process of C7. | Vertebra prominens |
| This can be more readily seen and felt with the patient's head bent forward. | Vertebra prominens |
| The chest of the newborn generally has a round chest, with the AP diameter being equal to the lateral diameter, until what age? | 2 years |
| thin wall, with bony structure more prominent, xiphoid precess is often more movable and prominent | Chest wall of infant and young child |
| Dynamics that create changes in respiratory function of the pregnant woman | enlarged uterus, increased level of circulating progesterone, |
| Results from loss of muscle strength in the thorax and diaphragm, loss of lung resiliency, and stiffening and decreased expansion of the chest wall | barrel chest that is seen in many older adults |
| Alveoli change in older adults | less elastic and relatively more fibrous |
| Associated loss of some of the interalveolar folds decreases the alveolar surface available for | gas exchange |
| Net result of changes in older adult chest and lungs | decrease in vital capacity and increase in residual volume |
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