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biology chapter9
chromosomes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pedigree | a diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait |
| malaria | destruction of red blood cells |
| galactosemia | recessive genetic disorder characterized by the inability of the body to digest galactose |
| autosomes | 22 pairs of chromosomes |
| sex chromosome | determines the individuals gender |
| albinism | resulting in the absence of the skin pigment melanin in hair and eyes |
| carrier | individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder |
| polygenic traits | arises from the interaction of multiple pairs of genes |
| twin studies | helps scientist seperate genetic contributions from enviormental contributions |
| hemophilia | another sex-linked trait, is characterized by delayed clotting of the blood |
| epistasis | one allele hiding the effects if another allele |
| tay-sachs disease | absence of a necessary enzyme that breaks down fatty substances |
| cystic fibrosis | affects the mucus producing glands and sweat glands |
| multiple allels | some forms of inheritance, such as blood groups in humans |
| huntington's disease | affects the nervous system |
| enviormental factors | the sunlight, water and temperatures that affect and organisms phenotype |
| fetal testing | couples who suspect they might be carriers can get this test |
| heterozygous | organism with 2 different allels for a particular trait |
| achondroplasia | a small body size and limbs that are comparatively short |
| klinefelter's syndrome | has 2 X chromosomes and 1 Y chromosome |
| down's syndrome | the result of an extra chromosome on pair 21 |
| sickel-cell disease | affects red blood cells and their ability to transport oxygen |
| homozygous | organisms with 2 of the same alleles for a particular trait |
| genealogist | can determine what genes individual is most likely to have |
| nondisjunction | cell divison in which sister chromatids fail to seperate properly |
| telomeres | caps consist of DNA associated with proteins |
| monosomy | having only one particular type of chromosomes |
| amniocentesis | diagnosis of chromosmes abnormalities |
| fetal blood sampling | medications can be given to the fetus at birth |
| sex-linked traits | also called X-linked traits |
| barr bodies | a dark, stained, inactivated X chromosomes |
| turner's syndrome | has only one sex chromosome |
| incomplete dominace | heterozygous phenotype is a intermediate phenotype between 2 homozygous phenotype |
| chromosome inactivation | resulting colors depends on the X chromosome |
| trisomy | have a set of 3 chromosomes of one kind |
| color blindness | a recessive X-linked trait |
| chronic villi sampling | diagnosis of certain genetic defects |
| karyotype | pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph |
| codominace | both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition |
Created by:
smalls_jess
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