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AHS Biology
Meitosis and Meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Histone | helps maintain the shape of a chromosome. The DNA in eukaryotic cells wraps tightly around these proteins. |
| Nonhistone Protein | controls the activity of DNA |
| Chromatid | each half of the chromosome |
| Centromere | is where the two chromatids are attached |
| Sex Chromosome | determines the sex of the organism |
| Autosome | are all non sex chromosomes in an organism |
| Diploid Cell | there are two copies of each chromosome (2n) |
| Haploid Cell | there is only one copy(n) |
| Chromosome | rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins |
| Homologous Chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| Karyotype | a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
| Binary fission | the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells |
| Mitosis | This results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell. This occurs in organisms undergoing growth, development, repair, or asexual reproduction. |
| Meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| Gametes | haploid reproductive cells |
| Interphase | a period between 2 mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA and synthesizes proteins |
| Cytokinesis | is the division of the cell's cytoplasm |
| Spindle Fibers | one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes |
| Metaphase | one of the phases of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator |
| Anaphase | a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate |
| Telophase | the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes |
| Cell plate | the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |
| Polar fibers | the fibers that extend from centrosome to centrosome during mitosis |
| Cell growth (G1) Checkpoint | proteins at this checkpoint control whether the cell will divide |
| DNA synthesis (G2) Checkpoint | at this point, DNA repair enzymes check the results of DNA replication |
| Mitosis Checkpoint | if a cell passes this checkpoint, proteins signal the cell to exit mitosis |
| Crossing-Over | portions of chromatids may break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the homologous chromosome |
| Independent Assortment | the random separation of the homologous chromosomes, this results in genetic variation |
| Spermatogenesis | the production of sperm cells |
| Oogenesis | the production of mature egg cells or ova |
| Polar Bodies | a short lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis |
| Sexual Reproduction | the production of offspring through meiosis and the union of a sperm and an egg |
| S Phase | in eukaryotic cells, DNA is copied during this phase |
| Prophase | the final stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division, the chromatin coils and then forms chromosomes |
| Tetrad | the four chromatids in a pair in a homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis |
| Synapsis | the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
Created by:
tbostwick
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