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Chapter 10

Section 4

TermDefinition
a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis ribonucleic acid (RNA)
the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template transcription
the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains translation
the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA protein synthesis
a five-carbon sugar present in RNA ribose
a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein messenger RNA (mRNA)
an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
an RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation transfer RNA (tRNA)
an enzyme that starts (catalyzes)the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template RNA polymerase
a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene promoter
a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene termination signal
the rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein genetic code
in DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal codon
a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complemtary to the codon of mRNA anticodon
the complete genetic material contained in an individual genome
Created by: fasolak16
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