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Microbes
Human Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antibodies | molecules produced by a B cell in response to an antigen. |
| antigen | a substance or molecule that is recognized by the immune system. The molecule can come from foreign materials such as bacteria or viruses. |
| B cells | small white blood cells crucial to the immune defenses. Also known as B lymphocytes, they come from bone marrow and develop into blood cells called plasma cells, which are the source of antibodies. |
| cell | the smallest unit of life; the basic living unit that makes up tissues. |
| disease | a state in which a function or part of the body is no longer in a healthy condition. |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a complex molecule found in the cell nucleus that contains an organism’s genetic information. |
| epidemic | a disease outbreak that affects many people in a region at the same time. |
| genes | units of genetic material (DNA) that carry the directions a cell uses to perform a specific function. |
| genomes | all of an organism’s genetic material. A genome is organized into specific functional units called genes. |
| HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) | the virus that causes AIDS. |
| immunity | protection from germs. |
| immunization | vaccination or other process that induces protection (immunity) against infection or disease caused by a microbe. |
| infection | a state in which disease-causing microbes have invaded or multiplied in body tissues. |
| infectious diseases | diseases caused by microbes that can be passed to or among humans by several methods. |
| inflammation | an immune system process that stops the progression of disease-causing microbes |
| microorganisms | microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, plants, and animals. |
| microscopic | too small to be seen with the naked eye. |
| molecules | the smallest physical units of a chemical substance that still keep the chemical properties of that substance; molecules are the building blocks of a cell. Some examples are proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. |
| organisms | individual living things. |
| pandemics | diseases that affect many people in different regions around the world. |
| parasites | plants or animals that live, grow, and feed on or within another living organism. |
| pathogens | disease-causing organisms. |
| protein | a chain of small chemical compounds called amino acids. |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | a complex molecule found in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus. One function of RNA is to direct the building of proteins. |