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Biology
WCHS Biology Chapter 33
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Behavior | anything an animal does in response to a stimulus in its environment |
| Innate Behavior | an inherited behavior in animals; includes automatic responses and instinctive behaviors |
| Reflex | simple, automatic response in an animal that involves no conscious control; usually acts to protect an animal from serious injury |
| Instinct | complex innate behavior pattern that begins when an animal recognizes a stimulus and continues until all parts of the behavior have been performed |
| Courtship Behavior | an instinctive behavior that males and females of a species carry out before mating |
| Territory | physical space an animal defends against other members of its species; may contain an animal's breeding area, feeding area, potential mate, or all three |
| Aggressive Behavior | innate behavior used to intimidate another animal of the same species in order to defend young, territory, or resources |
| Dominance Hierarchy | innate behavior by which animals form a social ranking within a group in which some individuals are more subordinate than others; usually has one top-ranking individual |
| Circadian Rhythm | innate behavior based on the 24-hour cycle of the day; light-regulated; may determine when an animal sleeps and wakes |
| Migration | instinctive seasonal movements of animals from place to place |
| Hibernation | state of reduced metabolism occuring in animals that sleep during parts of cold winter months; an animal's temperature drops, oxygen consumption decreases, and breathing rate declines |
| Estivation | state of reduced metabolism that occurs in animals in conditions of intense heat |
| Habituation | learned behavior that occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus not associated with any punishment or reward |
| Imprinting | learned behavior in which an animal, at a specific critical time of its life, forms a social attachment to another object; usually occurs early in life and allows an animal to recognize its mother and others of its species |
| Trial-and-error Learning | type of learning in which an animal receives a reward for making a particular response |
| Motivation | internal need that causes an animal to act and that is necessary for learning to take place; often involves hunger or thirst |
| Classical Conditioning | learning by association |
| Insight | type of learning in which an animal uses previous experiences to respond to a new situation |
| Communication | exchange of information that results in a change of behavior |
| Language | use of symbols to represent ideas; usually present in animals with complex nervous systems, memory, and insight |
| Fight-or-flight response | automatic response controlled by hormones that prepares the body to either fight or run from danger |
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