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Chapter 3 Bio

A chapter 3 bio stack full of vocab words and other stuff

TermDefinition
Carbohydrates All contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1C:2H:1O... Functions as quick energy sources and short term energy storage
Monosaccharides "Single or simple sugars" all have the molecular formula C6-H12-O6
Glucose Direct product of plant photosynthesis. Number 1 fuel source for almost all organisms
Fructose Super sweet produced by flowers
Galactose Single sugar found in milk
Isomers Compounds that have the same molecular formulas but have different structural formulas and so have different properties and functions
Disaccharides Double Sugars. Produced when 2 monosaccharides are bonded together through Dehydration Synthesis (all are C12-H22-O11)
Sucrose Table Sugar
Lactose Disaccharides found in milk products
Maltose Malt Sugar
Polysaccharides "Complex Carbs" Composed of 3 or more monosaccharides (usually 100s or 1000s)bonded together
Starch A storage of excess glucose in plant cells
Glycogen "Animal starch" it is a storage of excess glucose in our muscle tissue and liver
Cellulose Not a storage of excess glucose but rather it serves a structural function in plants
Lipids "Fats" All contain C, H, and O, but have much more C and H than O. Because of all the C and H bonds, lipids store energy much more than 2x as efficiently than carbs do
Functions Long term energy storage
Fatty Acids The monomer in most lipids
Carboxyl Group (COOH) Polar- attracted to H2O
Hydrocarbon Chain Non-Polar- Repels H2O
Chemical (Metabolic) Reactions Occur more rapidly in solutions
Expands What happens to water when it freezes
Surface Tension A skin that forms especially at waters surface due to hydrogen bonding of water molecules to each other
Capillarity or Capillary Action Occurs due to both cohesion and adhesion; the ability for water to move against the force of gravity
Adhesion The attraction of unlike substances; like water to the surface of solids
Cohesion The attraction of like substances to each other
Hydrogen Bonds Bonds that form between the positive hydrogen region of one molecule to the negative of another
Organic and Inorganic What all compounds can be characterized as
Organic All contain the element carbon
Inorganic Generally do not contain carbon, but may
Polar (Water) Slight negative charge on the oxygen end and slight positive charges on the hydrogen end
H2O Most important inorganic compound
6 Atomic Number of Carbon
4 The amount of outer shell electrons carbon needs to become stable
H, O, and N What carbon can be covalently bonded with 4 times to form molecules
Functional Groups Clusters of atoms attached to organic compounds
Polymers Any compound that is made up of smaller repeated chemically bonded units called Monomers
Monomers Smaller repeated chemically bonded units that make up Polymers
Dehydration Synthesis or Condensation Reactions Reaction where monomers are bonded together to create a polymer and in the process molecule of water is removed to create a bonding site
Hydrolysis a reaction where water is added to a polymer to tear it apart into monomers
Macromolecules Really large polymers
Dipeptide 2 Amino Acids bonded together
Peptide Bond Forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the other amino acid
Polypeptide Chains Chains of amino acids
Enzymes Act as catalysts, are not consumed
Substrate Molecule acted upon by an enzyme
Active Site Where the enzyme and the substrate unite
Nucleic Acids Huge polymer; Functions to store and transmit genetic or hereditary information
Nucleotides The monomers that make up and build nucleic acids
Created by: termini
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