Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Ch 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Mendel's research on traits show? | Traits are inherited as discrete units. |
| What are distinguishing characteristics inherited called? | Traits |
| What is the study of biology inheritance patterns and variation? | Genetics |
| What is the passing of traits from parent to offspring? | Heredity |
| Who was the Austrian monk who laid out the groundwork for genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What three key decisions did Mendel observe from his laws of inheritance? | control over breeding, use of purebred palnts, and observation of "either-or" traits that appeared in only two alternate forms. |
| What are the advantages of pea plants? | Pea plants reproduce quickly, and can be controlled of their mating. The sex organs are in its flowers and typically self-pollinates. |
| What does self-pollination mean? | To mate with oneself. |
| What are organisms whose ancestors are genetically uniform? | Purebred; As a result, offspring of purebred parents inherit all of parents' characteristics. |
| What is a cross? | The mating of two organisms. |
| What is the law of segregation? | Mendel's first law, stating that 1) organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and 2) organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes because the genes separate during gamete formation |
| What is the specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein called? | Gene |
| What is any alternate form of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome? | Allele |
| What does it mean to be homozygous? | The characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of two sister chromatids. |
| What does it meant to be heterozygous? | The characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| How many alleles does a gamete contain? | 1 |
| What is a locus? | a specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| What is a genome? | All of an organism's genetic material. |
| What is a genotype? | collection of all of an organism's genetic info that codes for traits |
| What is a phenotype? | collection of all of an organism's physical characteristics |
| What is a dominant allele? | allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism's genotype. |
| What is a recessive allele? | allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism's phenotype. |
| What is a punnett square? | grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross. |
| What is a monohybrid cross? | examination of an inheritance for only one specific trait |
| What is a test cross? | cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and recessive phenotype |
| What is a dihybrid cross? | cross between organisms involving two pairs contrasting traits. |
| What is the law of independent assortment? | Mendel's second law; allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation |
| What is the likelihood a particular event would happen? | probability |
| What is the formula for probability? | #ofwayseventcanoccur/#totalpossibleoutcomes |
| What is Mendel's most important ratio? | 9:3:3:1 |
| When does crossing over occur? | Prophase I |
| What must happen in order for a recessive disorder to be present? | Two copies of a recessive allele must be present. |
| What is an organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain trait or disease that's not expressed in the organism's phenotype? | carrier |
| Which disorder is less common- recessive or dominant? | dominant |
| What is an example of a recessive disorder? | cystic fibrosis |
| What is an example of a dominant disorder? | Huntington's Disease |
| What are sex-linked genes? | genes located on sex chromosomes |
| What is the process in which the x chromosome is randomly turned off in a cell? | x chromosome inactivation |
| What can x linked genes affect? | phenotype |
| What is incomplete dominance? | heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of two homozygous phenotypes |
| What is a heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the traits from both alleles? | codominance ex: blood type |
| What is a polygenic trait? | Trait that is produced by two or more genes. |
| What is an epistic trait? | it interferes with other traits. |
| What is an example of an organism whose phenotype is affected by both genes and its enviroment? | sea turtles(gender) |
| What was genetic linkage first explained through? | Fruit flies by Thomas Hunt Morgan |
| Where are linked genes? | same chromosome |
| How and when do chromosomes assort? | independently; during meiosis |
| What is a linkage map? | diagram that shows the relative locations of genes on a chromosome; estimates distances between genes. |
| Cross over percentage of Gene A and B? | 6.0 |
| Cross over percentage of Gene B and C? | 12.5 |
| Cross over percentage of Gene C and D? | 18.5 |
| Are human genetics similar to other organisms? | yes |
| Which gender carries sex-linked disorders? | females |
| What is a pedigree? | chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of a recessive allele |
| What is a karyotype? | image of all the chromosomes in a cell; chemicals are used to stain chromosomes |
| Is there a difference between autosomal and sex-linked genes on a pedigree? | yes |
| If a phenotype is more common in males, then... | the gene is most likely sex-linked |
Created by:
kayla26tran
Popular Biology sets