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Ch 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| Each skeletal muscle that is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Epimysium |
| Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils consists of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | Actin myofilaments & Myosin myofilaments |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Capaticity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting lengh after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle Twitch |
| where the musce remains contracted without relazing | Tetany |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscle |
| Temporalis | Closes Jaw |
| Frontalis | Raises eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Blinks and closes eyes |
| Orbicularis oris | Puckers lips |
| Masseter | Closes jaws |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Frowning |
| Trunk muscles | pectoralis major, Rectus abdominis, external oblique |
| Arm/Shoulder muscles | Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Deltoid |
| Where are the cardiac muscles found | The heart |
| Muscle Functions | Producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, generating heat |
| What contracts quickly and fatiques quickly | Fast-twitch fibers |
| What contracts slow | Slow-twitch fibers |
| What is a muscle fiber | A single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei. |
| What are fasicculi (fasicles) | A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue |
| Isometric contraction | Equal distance |
| Isotonic | Equal tension |
| What is muscle tone | Refers to constant tension produced by muscle of the body for long periods of time. keeps head up and back straight. |
| Origin | Attachments of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction |
| Insertion | The movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin |
| Syngerist | Muscles that work together |
| Fascia | Connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| Prime mover | Muscle whose contractions are primarily responsible for a particular movement |
| What is mastication | "chewing" the process by which food is ground by teeth. |
| Muscles involved in mastication | Masseter, and temporalis |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | Superior longitudinal muscle, inferior longitudinal muscle, verticalis muscle, transversus muscle |
| Extrinsic tongue muscles | Genioglossus muscle, hyoglossus muscle, stylogossus muscle, palatoglossus muscle |
| What is a sacromere | Actin and myosin myofilamants from highly ordered units |
| Where is the flexor carpii located | Forearm |
| Where is the deltoid located | Shoulder |
| Where is the sartorius located | Thigh |
| Where is the frontalis located | Forehead |
| What does the deltoid do | Abducts the arm |
| What does the sternocleidomastoid do | Flexes neck |
| Where is the sternocleidomastoid located | Sternum and clavicle |
| What is insertion | The end of the muscle attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement |
| What does the occipito frontalis do | Raises eyebrows |
| 2 types of tongue muscles | Instrinsic and extrinsic |
| Sneering is done by what muscle | Levator labii superioris |
| Needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| Where is ATP produced | Mitochondria |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen |
| 2 types of muscle contractions | isotonic and isometric |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
| Threadlike structure that extends from one end of te fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
| Enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal |
| Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic cleft |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | Acetylcholine |
| Sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | Threshold |
| The between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | Lag phase |
| Time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| Time during which the muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| The increase in number of motor units being activaed is called | Recruitment |
| Origin | Head |
| Some muscles have multiple | Origins or Heads |
| White meat of a chicken breast | Fast-twitch fibers |
| Dark meat of a chicken | Slow-twitch fibers |
| Portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly |
| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle fatigue |
| The breif reversal back of the charge is called | Action potential |
Created by:
sarahcary
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