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Ch. 10 Vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adsorption | attachment process--virus sticks to the surface of the host cell |
| Attachment factor | (key)host cell receptor and attachment coponents--lock & key in which the key can only recognize cell types that carry the correct lock |
| Bacteriophage | bacterial viruses--cause a hole in the layer of bacteria in a petri dish by killing the bacteria |
| Capsid | protien coat of a virus- |
| Capsomere | protein subunits of a capsis-- |
| Carcinogenic | viruses that induce or generate cancer |
| Cell killing | when cells are killed by virus growth in an area |
| Cytopathic effects | clinical specimen collected--placed on human cells in a tissue culture and watch for changes in the cell--(CPE) |
| Enveloped virus | virus with an envelope--most nucleocapsids are icosahedral/helical |
| Glycoprotein | surface protein of virion--has a specific attachment site--binds to specific receptor on types of cells the virus infects |
| Host factory | supply enzymes and building blockes to propagate new virions--viruses can't produce their own energy for growth |
| Inclusion bodies | microscopically observable dark areas of virus particles that accumuate on culture dish |
| Luekemias | (leuko--white)--cancers in cells that freely move around normally occur in white blood cells |
| Lyse | lytic viruses--break open the cell |
| Lysogens | DNA of DNA viruses integrate into host cell DNA--divide with the cell but lyse the cell under certain conditions--(proviruses)--have potential to become lytic |
| Naked virus | viruses without an envelope--most nucleocapsids are icosahedral/helical |
| Nucleocapsid | nucleic acid plus the protein coat of a virus |
| Obligate intracellular parasites | incapable of growing outside a host cell |
| plaque | area with no living cells--observed as a hole in the cell layer--info is useful in lab--plaques on a dish can be counted to quantify # of virions in a sample |
| Provirus | (lysogens)--have the potential to become lytic--DNA of DNA viruses integrate into host cell DNA--divide with the cell--can lyse the cell under certain conditions |
| Receptor | cell types that carry the correct lock for attachment factor of viruses |
| Retrovirus | exception to general viruses--carry out transcription in reverse--carry 2 copies of the RNA genome |
| Reverse transcriptase | (RT)--RNA dependent DNA polymerase--uses viral RNA as template to produce duplex DNA copy--integrated into the host chromosome--host transcription/translation machinery can express the viral genes |
| Round up | host cells no longer adhere tightly to the bottom of the tissue culture dish--can be seen with microscope |
| Syncytia formation | viruses that cause cells to fuse together into giant cells |
| Transformation | type of CPE where tumor cells keep growing until piles of cells are visible in the dish--same mechanism involved when tumor cells grow uncontrollably or metastasize |
| Tumor | a solid or tissue cancer |
| Tumorigenesis | viruses that induce tumors-- |
| virions | complete virus particles |
| Virus | simplest organism on Earth--contain 2-50 genes--can't code for all molecular biology processes-translation which requires 90 genes--can't produce their own energy for growth |
| Virus particle | any virus with its appropriate coating layer--virion--refer to physical structures--viruses aren't cells--nucleic acid may be DNA/RNA not both--nucleic acid may be single/double stranded-- |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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