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Charlton's Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Four major functions of muscles | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity. |
| The ability of the skeletal muscles to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of a skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| Each muscle fiber is enclosed in what connective tissue sheath | Endomysium |
| Units formed by Actin and Myosin | Sacromeres |
| Another word for chewing is? | Mastification |
| The outside connective tissue sheath around the skeletal muscle is called? | Epimysium |
| What connective tissue is located around the epimysium? | Fascia |
| Numerous bundles of muscle fibers are called what? | Fascicles |
| List three types of muscles. | Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth |
| What connective wraps around the fascicle? | Perimysium |
| What attaches muscles to bones? | Tendons |
| Describe smooth muscles with three words. | Visceral, Nonstriated, Involuntary |
| Cardiac muscles have what that no other muscles have? | Intercalated Discs |
| List five major functions of skeletal muscles. | Movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, generating heat. |
| True or False: Skeletal Muscles are multinucleated | True |
| Nuclei in muscle fibers are surrounded by what? | Sacrolemma |
| What fills the cytoplasm of the Sacrolemma? | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils are given a striped appearance by what? | I bands and A bands (lights second letter is I for I bands, and darks second letter is A for A bands) |
| The I band has a midline interruption that is dark called a what? | Z disc |
| The A band has a midline interruption that is light called the what? | H zone |
| What runs through the H zone? | The M line |
| The M line contains what? | Tiny protein rods that hold adjacent thick filaments together. |
| Thick filaments are called what? | Myosin |
| Thin filaments are called what? | Actin |
| Actin filaments are anchored to what? | Z discs |
| What muscle closes the eye? | Orbicularis Oculi |
| Name two chewing muscles. | Temporalis and Massester |
| Name two kissing muscles. | Orbicularis Oris and Buccinator |
| What is the smiling muscle? | Zygomaticus |
| What muscle raises the eye brows? | Frontalis |
| One neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates is called a what? | Motor Unit |
| What is an axon? | A nerve fiber |
| When the axon reaches the muscle, it branches into a number of what? | Axon Terminals |
| When the Axon Terminal interacts with the sarcolemma, it is called a what? | Nueromuscular junction |
| The gap between the Axon Ternimal and the sarcolemma is called what? | The Synaptic Cleft |
| When the nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal, a chemical reaction referred to as a _______________ is released. | Nuerotransmitter |
| The neurotransmitter that stimulates the skeletal muscles is called what? | Acetylcholine |
| A brief reversal back of the charge. When more sodium comes in and less potassium goes out, the current is called what? | The Action Potential |
| Single, brief, jerky contractions. | Muscle Twitches |
| Different degrees of shortening of the muscle is called what? | Graded Responses |
| Moving a limb away from the midline, or median plane. | Abduction |
| Moving a limb toward the midline, or median plane. | Adduction |
| Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Commonly seen in ball and socket joints. | Circumduction |
| A movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together. | Flexion |
| A movement that increases the angle between two bones or parts of the body. | Extension |
| Movement of bones around its longitudinal axis. | Rotation |
| The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement is the? | Prime Mover |
| Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement is the? | Antagonist |
| Muscles that work together with the prime mover? | Synergists |
| Specialized synergists are called what? | Fixators |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor Nuerons |
| An enlarged nerve terminal. | Presynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains _______ ________ that secrete acetylcholine. | Synaptic vesicles |
| Enzymes that break down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| When the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. | The belly |
| The most stationary end of the muscle. | The origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoingthe greatest movement. | The insertion |
| Results when ATP is used during muscle contration faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. | Isometric |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. | Isotonic |
| When at rest, muscles can't produce ATP but they can store another high energy molecule called ________ _________. | Creatine Phosphate |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction is the __________ _____. | Contraction phase |
| Muscle that accomplishes quiet breathing. | Diaphram |
| Rotates Scapula. | Trapezius |
| Pulls Scapula anteriorly. | Serratus Anterior |
| Adducts and flexes the arm. | Pectoralis Major |
| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. Commonly know as the swimmer muscle. | Latissmus Dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm, occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. | Triceps Brachii |
| Flexes the forearm, occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | Biceps Brachii |
| Flexes forearm. | Brachalis |
| Flexes and supinates the forearm. | Brachioradialis |
| Flexes the wrist. | Flexor Carpi |
| Extends the wrist. | Extensor Carpi |
| Flexes the finger. | Flexor Digitorium. |
| Extends the finger. | Extensor Digitorium |
| Buttocks, contributes most of the mass of the buttocks. | Gluteus Maximus |
| Buttocks, hip muscle and common injection site. | Gluteus Medius |
| Extends the leg, anterior thigh muscles. | Quadriceps Femoris. |
| Flexes the thigh. Commonly known as the tailors muscle. | Sartorius. |
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charltonkelly
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