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MedSurge-UROLOGIC
MedSurge-UROLOGIC / RENAL PROBLEMS - review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upper UTI, characteristic? | Infection of kidney, kidney pelvis, or ureter |
| Lower UTI, characteristic? | infection of bladder and/or urethra |
| Complicated UTI, characteristic? | exists in presence of obstruction or stones |
| Uncomplicated UTI, characteristic? | occurs in otherwise normal urinary tract |
| Recurrent UTI, characteristic? | reinfection following successful treatment of prior UTI |
| Unresolved bacteriuria, characteristic? | initially resistant to antibiotics |
| Bacterial persistence, characteristic? | continuing infection because of development resistance |
| Clinical manifestations UTI? | vague abdominal pain and disorientation |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, Bactrim) is used 3 days for treatment of? | UTIs (urgency, frequency, dysuria) |
| Prevention and recurrence of UTI's can assisted with? | drinking at least 2 quarts o water every day |
| Acute pyelonephritis is | an exudative purulent localized inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| Acute pyelonephritis resulting from ascending infection from the lower urinary tract, occurs most often when? | there is a preexisting abnormality of the urinary tract |
| Patient with acute pyelonephritis is more likely than pt. with lower UTI to have, nursing diagnosis of? | hyperthermia related to infection |
| Chronic pyelonephritis causes progressive destruction of? | nephrons, resulting in chronic renal insufficiency |
| Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis requires? | urine culture and sensitivity tests |
| Following initial treatment of acute pyelonephritis, pt. must have a followup ? | urine culture |
| The most common cause of urethritis in men is? | sexually transmitted diseases |
| An assessment finding in interstitial cystitis is? | pain with bladder filling that is transiently relieved by urination (urine is free of infectious agents) |
| Urinary retention (is / is not) common in interstitial cystitis? | is not common |
| When caring for pt. with interstitial cystitis, nurse teaches pt. to? | use dietary supplement Ca Glycerophosphate (Prelief) to ↓ bladder irritation |
| Voiding diaries (should / should not) be kept indefinitely in pts. with interstitial cystitis? | should not |
| Glomerulonephritis is characterized by glomerular damage caused by? | accumulation of immune complexes and complement in the glomeruli |
| Restriction of dietary protein may be indicated in management of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) when pt. has? | elevated BUN |
| An elevated BUN indicates? | the kidneys are not clearing nitrogenous wastes from the blood, and protein may be restricted until the kidney recovers |
| HTN is treated with? | sodium and fluid restriction, diuretics, and anti-hypertensive drugs |
| The edema associated with nephrotic syndrome occurs as a result of? | decreased plasma oncotic pressure |
| Calcium oxalate, association with urinary tract calculi? | frequently obstruct the ureter, most common type of stone |
| Calcium phosphage, association with urinary tract calculi? | often mixed with struvite and oxalate stones, associated with alkaline urine |
| Struvite, association with urinary tract calculi? | always assoc. with UTI, often staghorn formation in kidney pelvis, more common in women |
| Uric acid, association with urinary tract calculi? | associated with gout, high incidence in Jewish men |
| Cystine, association with urinary tract calculi? | genetic autosomal recessive defect, defective GI and kidney absorption |
| Severe, colicky back pain radiating into the groin is a finding found in? | renal calculus passing down the ureter |
| Stones obstructing a calyx or at the ureteropelvic junction may produce? | dull costovetebral flank pain, and large bladder stones |
| Many pts. with renal stones (do / do not) have a history of chronic UTIs? | do not |
| Prevention of calcium oxalate stones include dietary restriction of? | spinach, cabbage, tomatoes |
| Lithotripsy is? | a medical procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, bladder, or ureter |
| Postop lithotripsy pt. should be encouraged to? | increase fluid intake |
| Anti-hypertensives can be used to treat? | benign and accelerated nephrosclerosis |
| Self-catherization is performed every few days in pts. with? | urethral strictures; to dilate the urethra |
| Adult-onset poycystic kidney disease is? | an inherited autosomal-dominant disorder that manifests after the patient has children |
| Hereditary medullary cystic disease causes? | poor concentration ability of the kidneys |
| Alport's syndrome is? | a hereditary nephritis that is associated with deafness and deformities of the optic lens |
| Stress incontinence, characteristics? | found following prostatectomy, treated with Kegel exercises, common in postmenopausal women involuntary urination with ↑ intraabdominal pressure |
| Urge incontinence, characteristics? | caused by overactivity of detrusor muscle, involuntary urination w/minimal warning, bladder contracts by reflex, overriding central inhibition |
| Overflow incontinence, characteristics? | caused by outlet obstruction, leakage of urine from overfull bladder |
| Reflex incontinence, characteristics? | occurs with spinal cord lesions above S2, occurs without warning or stress during day or night |
| Functional incontinence, characteristics? | loss of urine caused by problems of mobility, |
| Anticholinergic drugs, treat incontinence by? | urge; relaxes bladder tone and ↑ sphincter tone, ↓ unwanted contractions |
| a-Adrenergic blockers, treat incontinence by? | overflow; reduce sphincter resistance to urine flow |
| Exercise to assist with stress incontenence? | pelvic floor muscle exercises 40 - 50 /day |
| After placement of a ureteral catheter, nurse should? | measure ureteral nurinary drainage every 1 - 2 hours |
| Expected lung sounds following nephroectomy? | lungs should be clear; decreased sounds/shallow respirations are abnormal and require intervention |
| Postop an ileal conduit, nurse should plan to? | empty draining bag every 2 to 3 hours and measure urinary output |
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