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Mod 4B A&P Ch 11 PP
Endocrine System Power Point
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are the endocrine system organs located? | Neck, cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. |
| Functions of the endocrine system | Communication and control |
| Exocrine glands function | Secrete products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity. |
| Exocrine glands | saliva, sweat |
| Endocrine glands function | Ductless glands that secrete hormones into intercellular spaces to diffuse into the blood to be carried throughout the body. |
| Non-steroid | Work according to the second messenger mechanism to deliver information to the insdie of the cell (cAMP) |
| Steroid | Pass directly through the cell membrane and enter the nucleus to bind with receptor |
| Negative Feedback | Level of a variable is changed in the opposite direction of the initial stimulus |
| Positive Feedback | Level of a variable is pushed further in the direction of the original deviation, causing an amplification of the orignal stimulus |
| Example of negative feedback | insulin |
| Example of positive feedback | labor contractions |
| Hypersecretion | Production of too much hormone by a diseased gland |
| Hyposecretion | Production of too little hormone by a diseased gland |
| AKA-Tissue hormones | Produced in tissue then diffuse a short distance to act on cells within that tissue |
| Adenohypophysis | Secretes several hormones (anterior) |
| Neurohypophysis | Extension of hypothalmus (posterior) |
| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones |
| FH | Follicle Stimulatingt Hormone stimulates development of eggs in the ovaries and formation of sperm |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone stimulates follicel and ovum to mature (ovulation) and stimulates testes to develop and secrete testosterone. |
| Hypoglycemia | Lower than normal blood glucose |
| Hyperglycemia | Higher than normal blood glucose |
| Gigantism | Hypersecretion during early years of life |
| Acromegaly | Hypersecretion after the normal growth years |
| Dwarfism | Hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| ADH | Anti-diuretic Hormone acts to decrease urine volume |
| Diabetes insipidus | Hyposecretion of ADH |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates contraction of the uterus and stimulates "milk letdown" |
| Hypothalmus | Regulation of body temperature, appetite and thirst |
| Oxytocin and ADH are produced by the.. | Hypothalmus and released in the anterior pituitary gland. |
| Thyroxine | T4-four atams of iodine and is more abdundant and has more target cells than ADH |
| Triiodothyronine | T3-Three atoms of iodine and is more potent |
| Calcitonin | Decreases blood calcium concentration and prevents hypercalcemia |
| Hyperthyroidism | Oversecretion of thyroid hormones, increases metabolic rate |
| Hypothyroidism | Undersecretion of thyroid hormones, low dietary intake of iodine. |
| Exopthalmos | Abnormally protruding eyeballs (hyperthyroidism) |
| Graves Disease | Inherited and possibly immune endocrine disorder cht. by hyperthyroidism accompanied by exopthalmos/protruding eyes. |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| Cretinism | Dwarfism caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland. |
| Myxedema | Condition caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults. |
| Parathyroid gland | Four small glands on the back of the thyroid gland that secrete hormones to increase blood calcium concentration. |
| Adrenal glands location | In the abdominal cavity on top of each of the kidneys. |
| Adrenal glands | Responds to stimuli from sympathetic nervous system. |
| Mineralocorticoids | Control the amount of certain mineral salts |
| Aldosterone | Chief mineralocorticoid |
| Glucocorticoids | Help maintain normal blood glucose concentration, produce inflammatory effect. |
| Sex hormones | Produced in adrenal cortex |
| Hormones produced by adrenal medulla | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Where is the "fight or flight" response? | Adrenal Medulla |
| Cushing Syndrome | Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, occurs more in women than men (moon face/buffalo hump) |
| Addison Disease | Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, muscle weakness, reduced blood sugar, loss of appetite, weight loss. |
| Where is glucagon secreted from? | Alpha cells |
| Glucagon | Increases blood glucose concentration |
| Where is insulin secreted from | Beta Cells |
| Insulin | Decreases blood glucose concentration |
| Type I Diabetes | Pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin and always insulin dependant. |
| Type II Diabetes | Abnormality of insulin receptors preventing normal effect of insulin on target cells and non-insulin dependant |
| Sex glands | ovaries and testicles |
| Where is the thymus located | In the mediastinum |
| Thymosin | Plays an important role in development and function of the body's immune system. |
| Placenta | Temporary endocrine gland |
| Chorionic Gonadotropins | Secreted from kidneys into urine (led to development of urine testing for pregnancy) |
| Where is the pineal gland located? | Near the roof of the 3rd ventricle of the brain |
| Melatonin | Produced by the pineal gland, uses changing light levels to increase or decrease secretion |
| SAD | Hypersecretion of melatonin when the nights are long-signs of depression |
| Ghrelin | Secreted by epithelial cells in lining of stomach and boosts appetite, decreases metabolism. |
| ANH | Secreted by Atria of the heart and increases fluid output |
| Aldosterone | Secreted by Adrenal gland and decreases fluid output. |
Created by:
ROSSMIBOA
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