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BI 114 Exam 1; Part3
Chapter 4; the microscope
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mass | the measure of the quantity of matter |
| condenser | a lens system found beneath the stage; used to focus the light on the specimen. Coarse adjustment knob |
| zeroing/taring | the process of setting an electronic balance to zero after placing the paper or pan on the balance |
| meniscus | the bottom of the curve of the surface of a liquid in a glass cylinder |
| light microscope | A microscope that uses any kind of light to view a specimen |
| bright field microscope | capable of a magnification range of 10-2,000x and resolution of 300 nanometers; light is transmitted directly through the specimen, and the specimen generally appears as a dark object against a light background |
| bright field microscope | this microscope is used to examine various types of cells, microscopic organisms, and tissues |
| fluorescence microscope | uses ultraviolet light and fluorescent dyes to study specimens. This microscope is capable of magnifications from 10-3,000x and has a resolution of 200 nanometers. |
| fluorescence microscope | This microscope is used in advanced biological laboratories and medical laboratories to study cells, antibodies, microscopic organisms, and tissues. |
| transmission electron microscope | uses extremely thin sections of specimens treated with heavy metal salts and is capable of magnifications of 200-1,000,000x. It has a resolution of .1 micrometers because of the shorter wavelength of the electron beam. |
| transmission electron microscope | This instrument is used to study the ultrastructure of cells and certain biochemicals. |
| scanning electron microscope | provides three-dimensional views of objects and has a greater depth of focus. It is capable of magnifications from 10-500,000x and a resolution of 5.0 to 10.0 nanometers. |
| scanning electron microscope | It is useful in studying the surface features of specimens. |
| Parfocal | once the image is focused with one objective, it should be in focus with others |
| magnification | the product of the power of the ocular and the power of the objective |
| substage condenser/condenser lens | |
| working distance | the distance between the objective lens and the specimen |
| resolution and resolving power | the ability to deliver a clear image in detail |
| plane of focus | a specific distance from the lens where the specimen can be sharply focused |
| depth of field | the thickness of the specimen that is in focus at any one time |
| wet mount | a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as water) for microscopic examination |
| stereomicroscope (a. k. a. dissecting microscope or binocular microscope) | has two oculars and is capable of magnifications of 4x to 50x; they provide a significantly greater field of view and depth of field than compound microscopes. This type of microscope is advantageous when viewing larger objects and dissecting. |
| ocular (eyepiece) | the uppermost lens or series of lenses through which a specimen is viewed. Most have a magnification of 10x. |
| Monocular microscope | A microscope with one ocular |
| binocular microscope | a microscope with two oculars |
| pointer (or micrometer disc) | on an ocular, used to determine the size of an object |
| draw tube | connects the ocular to the body tube |
| body | holds the nosepiece at one end and includes the draw tube |
| arm | serves as a handle |
| nosepiece | revolves and holds the objectives. |
| Objectives | lower lenses attached to the nosepiece |
| scanning objective | used for viewing larger specimens or searching for a specimen; the shortest objective and usually magnifies an object 4x or 5x |
| low-power objective | used for coarse and preliminary focusing; magnifies an object approximately 10x |
| high-power objective | used for final and fine focusing, magnifies an object approximately 43x or 45x |
| oil immersion objective | uses the optical properties of immersion oil to help magnify a specimen; capable of magnifications of 93x, 95x, or 100x. |
| Stage | platform on which slides are placed |
| light source (illuminator) | serves as the source of illumination for the microscope |
| iris diaphragm | regulates light entering the microscope; usually is controlled by a mechanical lever or rotating disc |
| condenser | a lens system found beneath the stage; used to focus the light on the specimen. |
| Coarse adjustment knob | used to adjust the microscope on scanning and low power only |
| fine adjustment knob | used to adjust the specimen into final focus |
| base | the supportive portion of the microscope that rests on the laboratory table |
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