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Bio Ch 10-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is a species | Share common characteristics and common ancestor |
| 2. What is natural selection | Spreads advantageous adaptations through a population over time |
| 3. What is the theory of evolution | Species change over time |
| 4. What is the fossil record | Shows species have become more complex over time |
| 5. Give an example of a homologous structure | Forelimbs of humans, whales, bats |
| 6. What happens when food is scarce in a population | Selective pressure increases |
| 7. What is the age of the Earth | 4.6 billion years |
| 8. What is a radioisotope | Elements that decay (unstable) |
| 9. Which came first DNA or RNA | RNA |
| 10. Why are mass extinctions important | Impact evolution |
| 11. What is an adaptation | Allows an organism to survive better in it’s environment |
| 12. What is a population | All the individuals of a species that live in an area |
| 13. How are vestigial structures useful | Remnant of an organ that had a function in an ancestor |
| 14. What is catastrophism | States floods and earthquakes have happened frequently in Earth’s history |
| 15. How are dogs an example of artificial selection | They have been bred by humans for certain traits |
| 16. What are the characteristics of a good index fossil | Very common, easy to identify, existed for a brief time, widespread |
| 17. What is the Miller-Urey experiment | Energy from lightening may have helped create first organic molecules |
| 18. Be able to calculate half-life | Use table |
| 19. What family do we belong to | Primates |
| 20. When did Homo sapiens first appear | 200,000 years ago |
| 21. How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar | Endosymbiotic |
| 22. Why are insects so successful | Reproduce large numbers, fly, feed on nectar |
| 23. Be able to recognize an example of a population | Same species in same area |
| 24. How is natural selection possible | Requires genetic variation |
| 25. Is evolution fast or slow | Gradually (slow) because of natural selection |
| 26. What is a homologous structure | Same structures in different organisms |
| 27. Who is Carolus Linnaeus | Developed classification system |
| 28. What are the geologic units of time | Smallest= epoch, largest =era |
| 29. When did the first land organisms appear | Paleozoic Era |
| 30. When did the dinosaurs die, Between what two periods | Mesozoic and Cenozoic |
| 31. What is an isotope | Elements with different atomic masses |
| 32. What is a half-life | Time required for half the number of isotopes to decay |
| 33. What is a mass extinction | Death of all members of different species |
| 34. What was Darwin’s theory of natural selection and what four principles must be there for it to happen | Organisms best fit survive and reproduce, variation, overproduction, adaptation, and decent with modification |
| 35. What did organisms have to develop in order to move on land | Hard outer coverings (exoskeletons) |
| 36. Why is competition within a species so intense | Use of the same resources |