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18 Vocab ES

Earth Science 3rd Quarter

TermDefinition
volcanism Describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam.
hot spot Unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.
flood basalt Huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures.
fissure are long cracks in Earth.
conduit A tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface.
vent Opening in Earth's crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface.
crater bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano.
caldera large crater, up to 50 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption.
shield volcano Broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers.
cinder cone Steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent.
composite volcanoes Generally cone-shaped with concave slopes; built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers.
viscosity A substance's internal resistance to flow.
tephra Rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground.
pyroclastic flow Swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption.
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