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solar system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| time zones | there are 24 time zones around the earth. each time zone is 15 degrees. as you go east time gets later. west earlier. |
| astronomical unit | distance form a planet to the sun. |
| ellipses | |
| focus | |
| eccentricity | out of roundness. = distance between foci over length of major axis |
| Johannes Kepler | german astro. hired as brache assistant developed 3 laws. law of ellipses law of equal areas and periods |
| Tycho Brahe | danish astronomer. without a telescope made curate ,measurement of the positions of the stars. |
| Sir Isaac Newton | |
| Copernicus | polish astro. proposed heliocentric model of the universe. stated all planets orbit in the same direction but each moves at a different speed and distance around the sun. |
| heliocentric model | |
| geocentric model | |
| keplers first law of planetary motion | planets travel in elliptical orbits with the sun at one foci. |
| kepler second law | each planet moves around the sun such a way that an imaginary line joining the planet to the sun will sweep over equal areas of space in equal periods of time |
| kepler third law | |
| law of universal gravitation | |
| center of mass | |
| solar nebula hypothesis | nebular hypothesis, disk of dust and gas that formed the sun and planets. |
| planetesimals | when condensed bodies reached hundreds of kilometers. (formally called planetoids) |
| asteroid | thousands of bodies that orbit the sun within the planets orbits. |
| meteoroid | rock in space until it enters earths atmosphere -smaller |
| meteor | when a meteoroid burns up in earths atmosphere producing a streak of light called a meteor. |
| meteorite | when a meteoroid doesn't burn up completely and hits the ground. |
| comet | small icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits around the sun. |
| coma | head of the comet glowing gas |
| nucleus | small solid core-ice |
| kuiper belt | 30-50 au from the sun. belt beyond Neptune filled with icy bodies leftover from the formation of the solar system |
| oort cloud | 100,000 au from the sun |
| periodic comets | comets that repeatedly orbit the inner solar system, get small each time |
| core | center of sunw here nuclear fusions occur, 4 atoms of hydrogen fuse to create 1 atom of helium plus energy. |
| photosphere | bright yellow surface of the sun, thin layer. most of the light we receive comes from this layer, made of individual cells called granules |
| chromosphere | thin layer of the suns atmosphere, red in color, visible only during solar eclipse |
| corona | outermost atmosphere, crown, extends from chromosphere to more than 1 million kilometers. seen only during solar eclipse. |
| solar wind | stream of charged particles ejected from the sun, reach earth in 2 days. |
| sunspot | dark, cooler regions of the photosphere, occur in pairs, peak in 11 year cycles, appear to move due to suns rotation- dark magnetic area |
| solar flare | violent outbursts of gases in areas of sunspots , last only minutes, cause solar winds , disrupts radio and telephones |
| prominence | huge flame like arches of gas that occur from the chromoshpere hours, weeks, or months |
| fusion | |
| fission | |
| spicule | burst gases from eruptions of chromosphere, can be 1000x the height of mt everest. |
| aurora | glowing shimmering lights |
| coronal hole | great tears in the suns atmosphere where the corona seems to be absent, may not close for months, near poles |
| solar activity impact | |
| theory of special relativity | |
| radiative zone | heat passed through this layer molecule to molecule, takes 1 millions years to reach next layer. |
| convective zone | energy rises and sinks |
| solar composition | |
| terrestrial planets | four inner planets. have solid rocky surfaces and are close in size to earths. mercury Venus earth mars |
| gas giant planets | outer 4 planets . much larger planets, more gaseuos and lack solid surfaces. lots moons. Jupiter, saturn uranus and neptune |
| planet facts | |
| interstellar cloud | clouds of gas and dust that exist around stars from which planetary systems form. |
Created by:
dk7
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