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igneous structurez

igneous structures

TermDefinition
Structure visable feature larger than a grain, that results from physical arrangement of grains, holes, fractures, or other entities in the rock mass
Extrusive characteristics glassy to fine grained. chilled margins only at the base of the body. baked zones and concact metamorphism only below rock body. vesicles sometimes present at the top the body. little to no deformation of rocks present.
Intrusive characteristics fine to coarse grained. chilled margins along outside of rock body. baked zones and metamorphism of other rocks completely surrounding intrusive rock body. no presence of vesicles. dikes may extend from top of body into surrounding rock mass.
Lava plateaus major extrusive igneous structures. tabular, composed of lava flows of basaltic volcanic rocks. Numberous events from numerous outlets.
basaltic plains major extrusive igneous structures. comprised of shield volcanoes, each is a single center of eruption.
shield cones major extrusive igneous structures. flat, cone shaped accumulations of lava.
ignimbrites rock mass formed by pyroclastic flows.
composite cone stratovolcanoes. consist of layers of pyroclastic material and lava. steep-sided, range from silica poor, intermediate, and silica rich. flows= basalt. pyroclastics= silica rich.
caldera large circular depresssion produced by the eruption-induced collapse of a volcano.
pyroclastic cones also called cinder cones. small, steep-sided structures. composed largely of pyroclasts of various sizes with little if any lava, typically occur in groups.
volcanic domes small, steep sided structures shaped like inverted cups or cones. formed by intrusion, extrusion, or oth, of thick (viscous) siliceous magma.
lava flows pahoehoe: ropey, vesicular, smooth. aa: rough, irregular flows. consisting of irregular fragments.
columnar joints below the surface, cooling creates fractures that separate polygonal, pencil-like cooling structures several centimeters across.
pillow lavas lavas that assume a tubular to elliptical form when extruded underwater.
autoliths inclusions of solidified fragments from interior of lava flow.
xenoliths foreign rock pieces as inclusions from interior of lava flow.
flow banding inclusions or mineral grains become lined up in layers or bands due to orientation of lava flow
plutons general term for body composed of plutonic rock with "granitic" texture. Epizonal: shallow, discordant. Mesozonal: intermediate, discordant/concordant. Catazonal: deep, concordant.
batholiths plutonic bodies > 100 km^2
stocks plutonic bodies < 100 km^2
sill lateral bodies with extension > thickness
laccoliths similar to sill, but shorter and thicker, mushroom like shape.
phacoliths emplaced along fold margins in lenticular shape.
dikes vertical, discordant intrusions.
veins bodies that form from fracture fillings.
foliation parallel alignment of either platy or acicular (needle-like) minerals or during flow, compaction or deformation.
lineation paralell alignment of acicular minerals or intersecting planar features.
layering distinct units characterized by particular mineral composition, textures or both.
Created by: pbt1
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